La legitimidad de la Legalidad. Una reflexión sobre la Modernización del Derecho en México con referencia al Derecho y la Cultura Jurídica de China

AutorHéctor Fix Fierro
Cargo del AutorEx Director del Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas, UNAM
Páginas469-516
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UV]̀dGfVS]̀d@̲UnXV̲Rd
CVj=VUVcR]aRcRGcVgV̲Zcj ,**- ,**1
CVj>V̲VcR]UV;VcVTỲdCZ̲XrndeZT̀dUV]̀dGfVS]̀d ,**-
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CVj=VUVcR]UV]̀d;VcVTỲdUV]:̲̀ecZSfjV̲eV ,**/
CVj>V̲VcR]UV]RdGVcd̲̀RdT̲̀;ZdTRaRTZURU ,**/ ,**2
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UVMZ̀]V̲TZR
CVjaRcRGcVgV̲ZcjJR̲TZ̲̀Rc]RKcReRUVGVcd̲̀Rd ,**1
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CVjV̲=Rg̀cUV]̀dMVeVcR̲̀dUV]RIVg̀]fTZp̲ +3/* +301
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CVj=VUVcR]UV]̀dKcRSR[RÙcVdR]JVcgZTZ̀UV] +30- ,**0
cVX]R^V̲eRcZRUV]8aRceRÙ9UV]8cenTf]̀+,-
T̲̀deZefTZ̲̀R]
CVj=VUVcR]UV]KcRSR[̀ +31* ,**0
CVjUV]@̲deZefèUV]=̲̀ÙERTZ̲̀R]aRcR]RMZgZV̲UR +31, ,**/
UV]̀dKcRSR[RÙcVd
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CVjUV]@̲deZefèDViZTR̲̀UV]RAfgV̲efU +333 ,**0
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CVj=VUVcR]UV=̀^V̲èR]Rd8TeZgZURUVdIVR]ZkRURd ,**.
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CVj>V̲VcR]UV;VdRcc̀]]̀J̀TZR] ,**.
CVjUVMZgZV̲UR ,**0
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UV]̀dKcRSR[RÙcVd
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CVj=VUVcR]UV]DRc +320
CVj>V̲VcR]UV] +322 ,**2
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CVjUV8XfRdERTZ̲̀R]Vd +33, ,**2
CVj>V̲VcR]UVMZURJZ]gVdecV ,*** ,**1
CVj>V̲VcR]aRcR]RGcVgV̲TZp̲j>VdeZp̲@̲eVXcR] ,**- ,**1
UV]̀dIVdZUf̀d
CVjUV9Z̀dVXfcZURUUVFcXR̲Zd^̀d>V̲meZTR^V̲eV ,**/
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CVjFcXl̲ZTRUV]RL̲ZgVcdZURUERT(8fep̲̀^RUVDmiZT̀ +3./
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CVjbfV:cVRV]@̲deZefèERTZ̲̀R]UV9V]]Rd8ceVd +3.0 +3/*
jCZeVcRefcR
CVjFcXl̲ZTRUV]JV^Z̲RcZ̀UV:f]efcRDViZTR̲R +3.3
CVj=VUVcR]d̀ScVD̲̀f^V̲èdjQ̲̀Rd8cbfV̀]pXZT̀d& +31, +320
8cendeZT̀dV?ZdepcZT̀d
CVjFcXl̲ZTRUV]RL̲ZgVcdZURU8fep̲̀^RDVec̀à]ZeR̲R +31-
CVjbfV:cVR]RL̲ZgVcdZURU8fep̲̀^RUV:YRaZ̲X̀ +31. +311
CVjaRcR]R:̀̀cUZ̲RTZp̲UV]R
CVjFcXl̲ZTRUV]@̲deZefèG̀]ZemT̲ZT̀ERTZ̲̀R] +32+
CVj>V̲VcR]UV9ZS]Z̀eVTRd +322
CVj>V̲VcR]UV +33- ,**2
CVjUV:ZV̲TZRjKVT̲̀]̀XnR ,**, ,**0
CVjFcXl̲ZTRUV]:̲̀dV[̀ERTZ̲̀R]UV:ZV̲TZRjKVT̲̀]̀XnR ,**, ,**0
CVj>V̲VcR]UV:f]efcR=ndZTRj;VàceV ,**- ,**2
CVjFcXl̲ZTRUV]RL̲ZgVcdZURU8fep̲̀^R8XcRcZR ,**0
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9NZYZXhLdNZXP]NTZ
CVjD̲̀VeRcZRUV]̀d +3-+ ,**.
CVjUV8d̀TZRTZ̲̀Vd8XcnT̀]Rd +3-, +3-0
CVjbfVTcVRV]=̲̀ÙUV=̀^V̲èR]R@̲UfdecZR +3.,
jUV>RcR̲enRdUVMR]̀cVdD̀SZ]ZRcZ̀d
CVjbfV;VT]RcRIVdVcgRdDZ̲VcRdERTZ̲̀R]Vd]̀d +3/* +31,
PRTZ^ZV̲èdUVLcR̲Z̀&K̀cZ̀j]RdUV^ldJfSdeR̲TZRd
UV]RdTfR]VddVFSeV̲XR̲@dpèàd?V̲UZS]VdbfV
afVUR̲ac̀UfTZc
CVjbfV:cVRV]=̲̀ÙUV>RcR̲enRj=̀^V̲èR]R +3/. ,**/
8XcZTf]efcR&>R̲RUVcnRj8gZTf]efcR
CVjIVX]R^V̲eRcZRUV]8cenTf]̀,1:̲̀deZefTZ̲̀R] +3/2 ,**0
V̲V]IR^̀UV]GVecp]V̀
CVjd̀ScVV̲eRUV:RWmK̀deRÙ +31, ,**.
CVjIVX]R^V̲eRcZRUV]R=cRTTZp̲OM@@@UV]8cenTf]̀1- +32,
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IV]ReZg̀UV]RD̲̀VUR
CVjIVX]R^V̲eRcZRUV]8cenTf]̀,1:̲̀deZefTZ̲̀R] +32/ +332
V̲DReVcZREfT]VRc
CVjUV]RGc̀aZVURU@̲UfdecZR] +33+ ,**0
CVj=VUVcR]aRcRV]=̀^V̲èUV]RDZTc̀Z̲UfdecZR +33+ +332
j]R8TeZgZURU8ceVdR̲R]
— 511 —
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CVj8XcRcZR +33, ,**2
CVj=VUVcR]UV:Z̲V^RèXcRWnR +33, ,**0
CVj=VUVcR]UV:̀^aVeV̲TZR +33, ,**1
CVj=VUVcR]UVKfcZd^̀ +33, ,***
CVj=VUVcR]d̀ScVDVec̀]̀XnRjÈc^R]ZkRTZp̲ +33, ,**0
CVjDZ̲VcR +33, ,**0
CVjFcXl̲ZTRUVGVecp]V̀dDViZTR̲̀djFcXR̲Zd^̀d( +33, ,**0
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CVjUV:R^Z̲̀d&GfV̲eVdj8fèecR̲dàceV=VUVcR] +33- ,**/
CVjUV:̀^VcTZ̀ +33- ,**0
CVjUV@̲gVcdZp̲ +33- ,**0
CVjUVGfVcèd +33-
CVj=VUVcR]UVJR̲ZURUMVXVeR] +33. ,**1
CVj8UfR̲VcR +33/ ,**2
CVjUV8gZRTZp̲:ZgZ] +33/ ,**0
CVjUV]R:̀^ZdZp̲IVXf]RÙcRUV +33/ +332
CVj=VUVcR]UVKV]VT̀^f̲ZTRTZ̲̀Vd +33/ ,**1
CVjaRcRV];VdRcc̀]]̀UV]R:̀^aVeZeZgZURUUV]RDZTc̀& +33/
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CVj=VUVcR]UVMRcZVURUVdMVXVeR]Vd +330
CVj=VUVcR]aRcRV]:̲̀ec̀]UVGcVTfcd̀cVdHfn^ZT̀d& +331
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CVjUVFcXR̲ZkRTZ̲̀Vd>R̲RUVcRd +333
CVjUV:RaZeR]ZkRTZp̲UV]Gc̀TR^à ,**+
CVjUV;VdRcc̀]]̀IfcR]JfdeV̲eRS]V ,**+ ,**1
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CVjUV:l^RcRd ,**/ ,**/
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CVjUV=̲̀ÙdUV8dVXfcR^ZV̲è8Xc̀aVTfRcZ̀jIfcR] ,**/
CVjUVERgVXRTZp̲j:̀^VcTZ̀DRcneZ^̀d ,**0
CVjUVGc̀UfTèdFcXl̲ZT̀d ,**0
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CVj>V̲VcR]UVGVdTRj8TfRTf]efcRJfdeV̲eRS]Vd ,**1
CVjUV=̀^V̲èaRcR]RCVTefcRjV]CZSc̀ ,**2
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CVj>V̲VcR]UV@̲deZefTZ̲̀VdjJ̀TZVURUVdDfefR]ZdeRdUV +3-/ ,**2
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CVj=VUVcR]UV@̲deZefTZ̲̀VdUV=ZR̲kRd +3/* ,**1
CVj>V̲VcR]UVFcXR̲ZkRTZ̲̀Vdj8TeZgZURUVd8fiZ]ZRcVd +32/ ,**1
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CVjFcXl̲ZTRUVERTZ̲̀R]=Z̲R̲TZVcR +320 ,**/
CVjFcXl̲ZTRUV]9R̲T̀ERTZ̲̀R]UV:̀^VcTZ̀ +320 ,**/
CVjFcXl̲ZTRUV]9R̲T̀ERTZ̲̀R]UVFScRdjJVcgZTZ̀d +320 ,**2
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CVjUV@̲deZefTZ̲̀VdUV:cmUZè +33* ,**2
CVjaRcRIVXf]Rc]Rd8XcfaRTZ̲̀Vd=Z̲R̲TZVcRd +33* ,**0
CVjUV]9R̲T̀UVDmiZT̀ +33- ,***
CVjUV]R:̀^ZdZp̲ERTZ̲̀R]9R̲TRcZRjUVMR]̀cVd +33/ ,**1
CVjUVGc̀eVTTZp̲R]8Ỳcc̀9R̲TRcZ̀ +333 ,**0
CVjbfV:cVRV]=ZUVZT̀^Zd̀bfV8U^Z̲ZdecRclV]=̲̀Ù ,*** ,**1
aRcRV]=̀ceR]VTZ^ZV̲èUVJ̀TZVURUVdj:̀̀aVcReZgRd
UV8Ỳcc̀jGcmdeR^̀jUV8àj̀Rdfd8ỲccRÙcVd 
CVjUV8Ỳcc̀j:cmUZèG̀af]Rc ,**+ ,**1
CVjUVJ̀TZVURUVdUV@̲gVcdZp̲ ,**+ ,**1
CVjFcXl̲ZTRUV]RJ̀TZVURU?ZàeVTRcZR=VUVcR] ,**+ ,**0
CVjFcXl̲ZTRUV]9R̲T̀UV]8Ỳcc̀ERTZ̲̀R]jJVcgZTZ̀d ,**+ ,**/
=Z̲R̲TZVc̀d 
CVjUVJZdeV^RdUVGRX̀d ,**,
CVjUVKcR̲daRcV̲TZRjUV=̀^V̲èR]R:̀^aVeV̲TZRV̲ ,**, ,**1
V]:cmUZè>RcR̲eZkRÙ 
CVjaRcRIVXf]Rc]Rd8d̀TZRTZ̲̀VdUV@̲W(:cVUZeZTZR ,**, ,**2
CVjUV]DVcTRÙUVMR]̀cVd ,**/ ,**1
CVjaRcR]RKcR̲daRcV̲TZRjFcUV̲R^ZV̲èUV]̀d ,**1
JVcgZTZ̀d=Z̲R̲TZVc̀d 
Ugevqt"r¿dnkeq"hgfgtcn

:TYLYeL^[kMWTNL^ 
CVjUV]JVcgZTZ̀UV@̲daVTTZp̲=ZdTR] +3-0 +3.0
CVjaRcR]R;VafcRTZp̲jCZbfZURTZp̲UV]Rd:fV̲eRd +3/*
UV]R?RTZV̲URGqS]ZTR=VUVcR] 
CVjbfV;VeVc^Z̲RbfVIVdaVTèUV]̀d@^afVdèd +3/,
UV@^àceRTZp̲j
]Rd
CVjUV]@^afVdèd̀ScVJVcgZTZ̀d
;VT]RcRÙdUV@̲eVcmdGqS]ZT̀àcCVj&V̲]̀dbfV
— 513 —
&!$%(%'%"!""#&!$!&%"!"
@̲eVcgV̲XR̲
UV];̀^Z̲Z̀;ZcVTèUV]RERTZp̲ 
CVj>V̲VcR]UV;VfURGqS]ZTR +310
CVjUV:̀̀cUZ̲RTZp̲=ZdTR] +312 ,**2
CVjUV]@^afVdèR]MR]̀c8XcVXRÙ +312 ,**1
CVjUV]@^afVdè +32* ,**2
CVjUV]@^afVdèd̀ScVKV̲V̲TZR̀Ld̀UVMVYnTf]̀d +32* ,**2
:pUZX̀=ZdTR]UV]R=VUVcRTZp̲ +32+ ,**2
CVj=VUVcR]UV;VcVTỲd +32+ ,**2
CVjUV:̲̀ecZSfTZp̲UVDV[̀cRdàcFScRdGqS]ZTRd +33*
=VUVcR]VdUV@̲WcRVdecfTefcR?ZUclf]ZTR 
CVj=VUVcR]UV]@^afVdèd̀ScV8fè^pgZ]VdEfVg̀d +330 ,**2
CVjUV=ZdTR]ZkRTZp̲JfaVcZ̀cUV]R=VUVcRTZp̲ ,*** ,**2
CVjUV]@^afVdèd̀ScV]RIV̲eR ,**, ,**2
CVj=VUVcR]UVGcVdfafVdèjIVdà̲dRSZ]ZURU?RTV̲URcZR ,**0 ,**1
CVjUV]̀d@^afVdèd>V̲VcR]VdUV@^àceRTZp̲ ,**1 ,**2
j
CVjUV]@^afVdèR]̀d;VapdZèdV̲
CVjUV]@^afVdè
B]RLYTeLNTjYdLOXTYT^̲]LNTjY[kMWTNL^ 
CVjFcXl̲ZTRUV]@̲deZefèERTZ̲̀R]UV8̲ec̀à]̀XnR +3-3 +332
V?ZdècZR 
CVjFcXl̲ZTRUV]R8U^Z̲ZdecRTZp̲GqS]ZTR=VUVcR] +310 ,**1
CVj=VUVcR]UVIVdà̲dRSZ]ZURUVdUV]̀dJVcgZÙcVdGqS]ZT̀d +32, ,**-
CVjUVG]R̲VRTZp̲ +32- ,**-
CVjUV]JVcgZTZ̀UVKVd̀cVcnRUV]R=VUVcRTZp̲ +32/ ,**1
CVjFcXl̲ZTRUV]RC̀eVcnRERTZ̲̀R]aRcR]R8dZdeV̲TZR +32/
GqS]ZTR 
CVjUV]R:RdRUVD̲̀VURUUVDmiZT̀ +320
Ng{"fgn"Fkctkq"QÞekcn"fg"nc"Hgfgtcek„p"{"Icegvcu" 3;:8
>fSVc̲R^V̲eR]Vd 
CVj=VUVcR]UV]Rd +320 ,**0
CVjFcXl̲ZTRUV] +320 +332
CVjUV]JVcgZTZ̀ +33. ,**,
CVj=VUVcR]UVGc̀TVUZ^ZV̲è8U^Z̲ZdecReZg̀ +33. ,***
CVjUV]JVcgZTZ̀UV8U^Z̲ZdecRTZp̲KcZSfeRcZR +33/ ,**-
CVjFcXl̲ZTRUV]:̲̀XcVd̀>V̲VcR]UV]̀d ,**2
DViZTR̲̀d
CVjUV8UbfZdZTZ̲̀Vd&8ccV̲UR^ZV̲èdjJVcgZTZ̀d ,*** ,**2
UV]JVTècGqS]ZT̀
CVjUV]̀d@̲deZefèdERTZ̲̀R]VdUVJR]fU ,*** ,**2
CVjUVFScRdGqS]ZTRdjJVcgZTZ̀dIV]RTZ̲̀RÙd ,*** ,**1
T̲̀]RdDZd^Rd
%+")'($&*!$(('
— 514 —
CVj=VUVcR]UVIVdà̲dRSZ]ZURUVd8U^Z̲ZdecReZgRd ,**, ,**0
UV]̀dJVcgZÙcVdGqS]ZT̀d
CVj=VUVcR]aRcR]R8U^Z̲ZdecRTZp̲j ,**, ,**/
UV9ZV̲VdUV]JVTècGqS]ZT̀
CVjFcXl̲ZTRUV]R8c^RURDViZTR̲R ,**,
CVjFcXl̲ZTRUV=Z̲R̲TZVcRIfcR] ,**, ,**/
CVjUV]JVcgZTZ̀Gc̀WVdZ̲̀R]UV:RccVcRV̲]R ,**- ,**0
8U^Z̲ZdecRTZp̲GqS]ZTR=VUVcR]
CVj>V̲VcR]UV9ZV̲VdERTZ̲̀R]Vd ,**. ,**1
CVjUVJVXfcZURUERTZ̲̀R] ,**/ ,**2
CVjbfV:cVR]R8XV̲TZRUVÈeZTZRdUV]
:pUZX̀=VUVcR]UV@̲deZefTZ̲̀VdjGc̀TVUZ^ZV̲èd ,**2
:̀P]eL^L]XLOL^ 
FcUV̲R̲kR>V̲VcR]UV]R8c^RUR +3+,
CVjUV;ZdTZa]Z̲RUV] +3,0 ,**.
CVjUV]JVcgZTZ̀DZ]ZeRc +3.* +332
CVjbfV:cVR]RL̲ZgVcdZURUUV]
CVjUVIVT̀^aV̲dRdUV]R8c^RURUVDmiZT̀ +32/
CVjUV;ZdTZa]Z̲RaRcRV]GVcd̲̀R]UV]R8c^RUR ,**,
UVDmiZT̀
CVjUV8dTV̲d̀djIVT̀^aV̲dRdUV]
j=fVckR8mcVRDViZTR̲̀d
CVjUV8dTV̲d̀dUV]R8c^RURUVDmiZT̀ ,**.
CVjaRcR]R:̀^ac̀SRTZp̲&8[fdeVj:p^afè ,**.
UVJVcgZTZ̀dUV]R8c^RURUVDmiZT̀
CVjUV
8mcVRDViZTR̲̀d
CVjaRcR]R:̀^ac̀SRTZp̲&8[fdeVj:p^afèUV ,**0
JVcgZTZ̀dV̲V]
EPWLNTZYP^Pc̲P]TZ]P^ 
CVjaRcR:̲̀dVcgRc]REVfecR]ZURUUV]GRnd +3-3
CVjbfV +3/3 +330
àcV]
UV]9R̲T̀@̲eVcR^VcZTR̲̀UV;VdRcc̀]]̀ 
CVjbfV +30* +331
àcV]
UV]R8d̀TZRTZp̲@̲eVc̲RTZ̲̀R]UV=̀^V̲è 
CVjUV +31/ +333
CVjbfV8acfVSR]R8UYVdZp̲UVDmiZT̀R]:̲̀gV̲Z̀ +32, +33+
:̲̀deZefeZg̀UV]9R̲T̀UV;VdRcc̀]]̀UV]:RcZSV
jdf
CVjd̀ScV]R:V]VScRTZp̲UVKcReRÙd +33,
— 515 —
&!$%(%'%"!""#&!$!&%"!"
CVjd̀ScV]R8ac̀SRTZp̲UVKcReRÙd@̲eVc̲RTZ̲̀R]Vd ,**.
V̲DReVcZR
CVjaRcRV]Ld̀jGc̀eVTTZp̲UV]R;V̲̀^Z̲RTZp̲ ,**1
jV]
Ngikuncek„p"eqo¿p."lwuvkekc"{"ugiwtkfcf"r¿dnkec"

7TaTWdXP]NLY̲TW 
:pUZX̀UV:̀^VcTZ̀ +223 ,**2
:pUZX̀:ZgZ]=VUVcR] +3,2 ,**1
CVj>V̲VcR]UVKnef]̀djFaVcRTZ̲̀VdUV:cmUZè +3-, ,**2
CVjUVJ̀TZVURUVdUVIVdà̲dRSZ]ZURUCZ^ZeRURUV@̲eVcmd +3-.
GqS]ZT̀
CVj>V̲VcR]UVJ̀TZVURUVd:̀̀aVcReZgRd +3-. ,**0
CVj>V̲VcR]UVJ̀TZVURUVdDVcTR̲eZ]Vd +3-. ,**0
CVjd̀ScVV]:̲̀ecRèUVJVXfc̀ +3-/ ,**0
CVjUVIVdà̲dRSZ]ZURU:ZgZ]àc;RòdEfT]VRcVd +31.
CVj=VUVcR]UV:̀ccVUfcnRGqS]ZTR +33, ,**0
CVj=VUVcR]UV];VcVTỲUV8fèc +330 ,**-
CVjUV:̲̀Tfcd̀dDVcTR̲eZ]Vd ,*** ,**1
CVj=VUVcR]UVIVdà̲dRSZ]ZURUGRecZ^̲̀ZR]UV]
AfdeZTZR 
CVjFcXl̲ZTRUV]̀dKcZSf̲R]VdDZ]ZeRcVd +3,3 +3-+
:pUZX̀UVAfdeZTZRDZ]ZeRc +3-- ,**/
:pUZX̀=VUVcR]UVGc̀TVUZ^ZV̲èdGV̲R]Vd +3-. ,**2
CVjUV8^aRc̀&IVX]R^V̲eRcZRUV]̀dRcenTf]̀d+*-j+*1 +3-0 ,**0
UV]R:̲̀deZefTZp̲G̀]neZTRUV]̀d
:pUZX̀=VUVcR]UVGc̀TVUZ^ZV̲èd:ZgZ]Vd +3.- ,**2
CVjbfV ,**.
J̀TZR]UVJV̲eV̲TZRÙd
CVjaRcRV]KcReR^ZV̲èUVDV̲̀cVd@̲WcRTècVd&aRcRV] +33+ ,**-
;ZdecZè=VUVcR]V̲DReVcZR:̀^q̲jaRcRèUR]RIVaqS]ZTR
V̲DReVcZR=VUVcR]
CVj=VUVcR]UVGc̀eVTTZp̲R]:̲̀df^ZÙc +33, ,**1
CVjFcXl̲ZTRUV]̀dKcZSf̲R]Vd8XcRcZ̀d +33, +332
CVjFcXl̲ZTRUV]G̀UVcAfUZTZR]UV]R=VUVcRTZp̲ +33/ ,**2
CVjIVX]R^V̲eRcZRUV]Rd=cRTTZ̲̀Vd@j@@UV]8cenTf]̀+*/ +33/ +330
UV]R:̲̀deZefTZp̲G̀]neZTRUV]̀d
CVj>V̲VcR]UV]JZdeV^RUVDVUZ̀dUV@^afX̲RTZp̲V̲ +330 ,**2
DReVcZR
CVj=VUVcR]UV;VWV̲d̀cnRGqS]ZTR +332
CVjFcXl̲ZTRUV]RGc̀TfcRUfcnR>V̲VcR]UV]RIVaqS]ZTR ,**,
%+")'($&*!$(('
— 516 —
CVj=VUVcR]UVGc̀TVUZ^ZV̲è:̲̀eV̲TZ̀d̀8U^Z̲ZdecReZg̀ ,**/ ,**0
CVjFcXl̲ZTRUV]RGc̀TfcRUfcnRUV]R;VWV̲dRUV] ,**0 ,**2
:̲̀ecZSfjV̲eV
CVjFcXl̲ZTRUV]KcZSf̲R]=VUVcR]UVAfdeZTZR=ZdTR] ,**1 ,**1
j8U^Z̲ZdecReZgR
CPYLWd^PR̀]TOLO[kMWTNL 
CVjd̀ScV;V]ZèdUV@^acV̲eR +3+1
:pUZX̀GV̲R]=VUVcR] +3-+ ,**2
CVj=VUVcR]UV8c^RdUV=fVX̀j +31, ,**.
CVj>V̲VcR]bfV +33/ ,**.
UV]JZdeV^RERTZ̲̀R]UVJVXfcZURUGqS]ZTR
CVj=VUVcR]T̲̀ecR]R;V]Z̲TfV̲TZRFcXR̲ZkRUR +330 ,**1
CVjUV]RG̀]ZTnR=VUVcR]GcVgV̲eZgR +333 ,**/
CVj=VUVcR]UVJVXfcZURUGcZgRUR ,**0
Qvtcu"ocvgtkcu

CVjUV +3-0 +331
CVjIVX]R^V̲eRcZRUV]8cenTf]̀/̀:̲̀deZefTZ̲̀R]IV]ReZg̀ +3./ +33-
R]
CVj=VUVcR]UVAfVX̀djJ̀ceV̀d +3.1
CVj>V̲VcR]UVG̀S]RTZp̲ +31. ,**2
CVjUVGcV^Z̀d& +31/ ,**0
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