Desarrollo metropolitano. Los casos de: Santiago de Chile, Buenos aires y Nueva York

AutorJosé De Jesús Ruiz Munilla
CargoMaestro en Amparo por la Universidad Autónoma de Durango
Páginas139-171

%#
=∃Ω∗=∃ε∃5−&!(− #∀χ
χ(  ∀   − ∀  ∗ ∗   
∋∋∗+&)


≅Α0Ι:9 , Α 
 Α7%9 Χ    ∃ Λ  &∃ Ο 
Ω ,  .     ,  .  ; 
0,.=ΡΞ,

: +53 1/84,53 201−2+83 ∆ 7−.2:18 +53 ≅+1/453 #∋ 2Λ53 −: 98:Η48:5 62
Ι8:/75 2 .8Γ232.1575 8+ 42.05 Χ−.=7/05 48;/02:5 2,+/02Γ+8 2+23 0/−72783 ∆
238:124/8:15378,5Γ+20/Η: 53.898./453 2 +2−.Γ2:/ϑ20/Η: 5 2>+548.20/Η:
78  ,8.35:23  8:  0/−72783  ?−8  ,8.18:808:  5  831Κ:  Γ2Χ5  +2  Χ−./37/00/Η:  78
7/31/:153Η.78:83 78>5Γ/8.:5< 0545,−878: 38.7535 4Κ34−:/0/,/53 78−:
4/34531275 54Κ34−:/0/,/53787/98.8:183312753Β5Γ/8:78
−:2  5  4Κ3  8+8>20/5:83  5+=1/023  78+  /31./15  !878.2+<  05:  −:5  5  4Κ3
−:/0/,/5378+3127578Α;/05∆78+3127578/72+>5
+  98:Η48:5  4−:7/2+  62  ++8Ι275  2  ?−8≅:  8+  <  8+  ∋[  78  +2 
,5Γ+20/Η:4−:7/2+Ι/Ι2 8: 0/−72783 ?−8 201−2+48:188;/312: 8: 8+4−:75
4Κ378 0/−7278305:,5Γ+20/Η:3−,8./5.2+4/++Η:7862Γ/12:183
+∀ 8:358:8.2+78 5Γ+20/Η:∆/Ι/8:72 78+2Λ5∋∋∋<.832+1Η?−812:
3Η+58:+5?−8386278:54/:275Μϑ5:2481.5,5+/12:2Ο78+2/−72778Α;/05
62Γ/12:4Κ3 78& 4/++5:8378 ,8.35:23−/72,5. +2ϑ5:2 481.5,5+/12:2
78 −272+2Χ2.2  05:    4/++5:83<  5:18..8∆<  05:   4/++5:83<  8+  05..875. 
−8Γ+2∃+2;02+2 05:    4/++5:83<  ∆ 5+−02  ∆  /Χ−2:2  05:   4/++5:83  0272
−:2∋
:  8+  2Λ5  ∋∋∋<  +2  5:2  81.5,5+/12:2  78  +2  /−727  78  Α;/05  8312Γ2
054,−8312  ,5.  +23  #  8+8>20/5:83  5+=1/023  78+  /31./15  !878.2+<  ∆  
−:/0/,/5378+3127578Α;/05
2.28+2Λ5 ∋∋ /31./15!878.2+∆8+78+3127578Α;/05
9/.42.5:8+ 78/0/84Γ.8−:05:Ι8:/5 ,2.278+/4/12.+25:2 81.5,5+/12:2
78+2/−72778Α;/058/:05.,5.2.5:#4−:/0/,/53 4Κ378+3127578Α;/05
∆  −:5  78+  31275  78  /72+>5 3 780/.< 7842.020/5:83 18../15./2+83
05:95.42:7/0625:281.5,5+/12:2Π
389∋)& & 7ΒΒΙΨ;ΒΒ3;9;ΒΒ3 
+
Ψ;ΒΒ3ΨΨαΒΙ3Β∀;Β3Β
3ΧΒΞ
3Χ3+
3Β;Β3Β

5.8+/31./15!878.2+20/5:83Π
(+Ι2.5Γ.8>Η: ϑ12,2+2,2
ϑ02,51ϑ2+05 2>72+8:25:1.8.23
8:/15−Κ.8ϑ />−8+/72+>5
5∆520Κ: /+,2+12
−2Χ/42+,2 +Κ6−20
−2−61Α450 +2+,2:
−312Ι5278.5 8:−31/2:52..2:ϑ2
ϑ1202+05 ∀506/4/+05
5.8+3127578Α;/05
05+42: 2−02+,2:78−Κ.8ϑ
18:05 8;1+2+,2:
1/ϑ2,Κ:782.2>5ϑ2 8ϑ26−2+0Η∆51+
62+05 /05+Κ3548.5
6/2−1+2 2,2+51+2
6/05+52,2: 2:2.1=:78+23/.Κ4/783
6/05:0−20 80Κ420
6/42+6−20Κ: 842421+2
5202+05788../5ϑΚΓ2+ 85+5∆−02:
5051/1+Κ: 851/6−20Κ:
5∆518,80 8,81+25;150
−2−1/1+Κ: 8,51ϑ51+Κ:
−2−1/1+Κ:ϑ02++/ 8;0505
0218,80785.8+53 8ϑ5∆−02
−86−81502 +2+42:2+05
−/;?−/+−02: +2+:8,2:1+2782ϑ
;12,2+−02 −+18,80
2+18:05 −+1/1+Κ:
22ϑ 2++87862+055+/72./727
8+065.024,5 −4,2:>5
5.8+3127578/72+>5
/ϑ2∆−02

/:84Γ2.>5< ∆2 ,832.78 +2.82+/727 051/7/2:2 42.05Χ−.=7/05<
12:158+5:31/1−0/5:2+0545 8++8>2+< :5 62:3/752780−2753 1572Ι=2 5
8;/318:  5  35:  /:3−9/0/8:183  +53  /:31.−48:153  ,.8Ι/3153  8:  +2  +8∆<  ∆  +23
21./Γ−0/5:8305:98./723 2 +53>5Γ/8.:53831212+83 78+ /31./15
!878.2+∆8+8>20/5:2+83
:5,/:/Η:78+5015.−2:.−:5Γ/2.052+75:275Π
4Α7%  ∀      Λ∃?ΟΕ  Α      
∃     ∃  
 #   ∋    
. ∃  # ∃     
#     ∃∃   
6Χ?Λ
31898:Η48:578+2 05:−.Γ20/Η:8:ϑ5:23481.5,5+/12:23 /4,20122784Κ3
8:8+ 487/524Γ/8:18∆ +53.80−.353:21−.2+83Β 05:124/:20/Η:214539Α./02
+23 2>−23+2 1/8..2 +2 ,8.3,801/Ι2Ι/3−2+Β 830238ϑ 78Κ.823 Ι8.783 ∆78
32:5 83,2.0/4/8:15<  8:  4218./2  78 5.78:24/8:15  18../15./2+Β  >8:8.20/Η:  78
Ι/Ι/8:72<  0.80/4/8:15  :21−.2+  78  +2  ,5Γ+20/Η:  ∆ +2  4/>.20/Η:Β  /:38>−./727Β 
8+848:153 4=:/45378 /:9.2831.−01−.2 −.Γ2:2Β Ι/2+/72783 Ι86/0−+2. ∆
1.2:3,5.18,≅Γ+/05Β8:1.851.53
:  4218./2  78  7832..5++5  −.Γ2:5  ∆  481.5,5+/12:5<  8;/318  −:  >.2:
7838?−/+/Γ./5  8:  Α;/05Β  ,5.  −:2  ,2.18
781./48:15780/−72783 ,8?−8Λ235/:18.487/23< 02,12:8:95.42 42∆5./12./2
+53.80−.353+184283−:2,./5./727,2.2+2:20/Η:
+ 2:Κ+/3/3 78+52:18./5.< 78:1.5 78 +2 ,8.3,801/Ι2 78+ 3/31842Χ−.=7/05 8:
Α;/05<  75:78  62∆  >.2:783  481.Η,5+/3 8:  75:78  05/:0/78:  8:  −:  4/345
83,20/5  +53  :/Ι8+83  9878.2+<  831212+83  ∆  4−:/0/,2+83  78  >5Γ/8.:5<  ∆  +23
8;18:3/5:83  ,5Γ+20/5:2+83 :5  38  7/31/:>−8:<  5  3/:  ?−8  38  7/31/:>2:  78  −:
4−:/0/,/52 51.5 +2:8083/727 /4,8./532788312Γ+808. 4802:/3453?−8
Ι2:4Κ32++Κ78 +538+848:1530+Κ3/05378+2831.−01−.20/Η:78+,578.,5+=1/05∆
78+,578.>−Γ8.:248:12+8:Α;/05 055.7/:20/Η:
?−8 4−0623 Ι8083 1/8:8: ?−8 38. 5Γ+/>215./53 ,5. +8∆ ∆ :5 78,8:78. 78 +2
Ι5+−:1272−1Η:542 78+23 ,2.1830−2:75 8+ /:18.Α378 +2054−:/727 831Κ,5.
8:0/42  78  Α3153<  78Γ8  6208.38  05:0/+/2:75  +53 ,./:0/,/53  78  2−15:54=2
4−:/0/,2+ 78 +23 7/31/:0/5:83 78 +53 ,578.83< /:78,8:7/8:1848:18 78 +53
:/Ι8+8378>5Γ/8.:5
3Χ;,(./) (./;ΒΒ9,
3:;



∃
.7
8Γ8453 0548:ϑ2. ,5. 8+ 42.05 Χ−.=7/05 78 +23 ϑ5:23 05:−.Γ2723 8:
Α;/05 0−∆23Γ2383 05:31/1−0/5:2+83 831Κ: −Γ/027238: +532.1=0−+53 
9.200/Η: Β∆<  2,2.1275  +2 5:31/1−0/Η: 5+=1/0278 +53 312753
:/7538;/02:53 3−.8>−+20/Η:Ι/>8:18 :5721278+18;155./>/:2+
78?−80545.83−+127578+98:Η48:5350/2+78+205:08:1.20/Η:
78,5Γ+20/Η:∆78/:9.2831.−01−.2−.Γ2:2<9−8623128+#7898Γ.8.578#
?−8  38  ,−Γ+/0Η  8:  8+  /2./5  9/0/2+  78  +2  !878.20/Η:  −:  780.815  ?−8 
.895.42Γ2 8+ 2.1=0−+5  5:31/1−0/5:2+< 27/0/5:2:75 +2 9.200/Η: 
Ε201−2+48:18 9.200/Η: < 4218./2 78 8318 831−7/5Φ ?−8 2−:?−8 :5 6/ϑ5
48:0/Η:  8;,.832 78  +23  05:−.Γ20/5:83<  6/ϑ5  2+−3/Η:  /:7/.8012  78  7/065 
98:Η48:5Χ−.=7/05−/8:1831Α.4/:53Π
4  & . ∀∃    7 ∃  
   ∃ ∃ ∃ 
         ∋   
Α&∃ 9
1
4       ∀           
  ∀    
  ∀ ∃ ∃   
     Α  ∃     ∀    
∃  ∀    ∀        
     
6
/: 84Γ2.>5< 9−8 62312 8+  78 01−Γ.878  ?−8 38 ,−Γ+/0Η +2
.895.42  2+  2.1=0−+5    5:31/1−0/5:2+<  0−2:75  38  /:38.1Η  78  42:8.2
8;,.832  8:  :−831.2  5:31/1−0/Η:  !878.2+  +2  78:54/:20/Η:  78  Μϑ5:23
05:−.Γ2723Ο,8.53Η+5,2.2 8+023578+ /31./15!878.2+312.895.42 1−Ι5
+−>2. ,5.?−838 05:3/78.Η ?−8 ,2.2 8+ 7832..5++578+ Κ.82 05:−.Γ272 78+
/31./15 !878.2+< 78Γ=2: ,.8Ι8.38 +23 Ι=23 /:31/1−0/5:2+83 2780−2723 ,2.2
.835+Ι8.+237842:72378+2,5Γ+20/Η:
2.2 8++5< 38 7818.4/:Η 0545 /:7/3,8:32Γ+8 8+ 95.12+808. +23 200/5:83
055.7/:272378 +53 1.83:/Ι8+8378,578.Ε38>≅: +29.200/Η:  78+2.1=0−+5

 5:31/1−0/5:2+Φ 05:087/Α:75+8 2+2 !878.20/Η: 2 +53 312753 2 +53
−:/0/,/53∆2+/31./15!878.2++2 ,518312778 3−30./Γ/.05:Ι8:/53,2.2+2
0.820/Η:78054/3/5:83481.5,5+/12:23
5: +2 08+8Γ.20/Η: 78 12+83 05:Ι8:/53 :5 38 Ι−+:8.2 +2 35Γ8.2:=2 78
:/:>−:5 78+53 1.83 :/Ι8+83 78 >5Γ/8.:5 ∆2 ?−8 +2 5:31/1−0/Η: !878.2+
8312Γ+808 +234218./23 78054,818:0/2 78+53 −:/0/,/53<78 +53312753
78+/31./15!878.2+
2.895.4278501−Γ.878/:38.1Η8+3/>−/8:1818;1505459.200/Η:∀
Ε201−2+48:182,2.1275Φ78+2.1=0−+55:31/1−0/5:2+Π
       ??    
∋  ∃  ∀   
8 .∃&
∀∃7
  ∃ 0&∃ 
   Κ       
&  0  &          ∀     
5 5  
      ∃           
        ∃      7  # 
/.Κ
. Κ∀ .
      5          ∀       
∃∃∃
.  
∀ # ∋ . Κ∃ ∀ 
 5
&    8  ≅  
     ∀    
9
01
8 ∋ 
∃ 7   
          ∋  
    ∃      ΧΧ>∃
      ∃      
,    ,       

#, ∃  ,∃ 
5∃ 
 ∀   
        #         

&    ∀             
.  ∀  
∃ 
07∀9
 &           ∃         
∃                 ∀
          
∃5∋ 
∀ ,
 &      ∃        
    ∃          
  ∃    5 
∃ ,
 &  ∀             
      ∋  ∃         
∋      #          

;7
24Γ/Α:83:80832./52:2+/ϑ2.+5305:08,15305:18:/7538:+28∆8:8.2+
78  38:124/8:153  −42:53  35Γ.8  8+  ,2.1/0−+2.<  ∆2  ?−8  83  8318
5.78:24/8:15+8>2+8+?−8.8>−+28:95.4283,80=9/022+2305:−.Γ20/5:83
+2.1=0−+5∴78+28∆8:8.2+7838:124/8:153−42:53 
38./878789/:/0/5:83788:1.8+230−2+83,57.=24538:−:0/2.+233/>−/8:183Π
8 &∃∀9

   !∀       
∀ ∃    ∃ 

∀   ∋∃     
#,
    # ∃ %∀   ∀        ∋ 
∋∃    #         %      #   
    ∋          ∃ 
          
            ,        #   
   
,
&  %∀    ∀  # 
 ∀,
ϑϑ1
∋∋  (  ∃ 9           
6
:8+ 02,=1−+538>−:75 787/062 8∆ 8312Γ+808:+23920−+1278378 +53
1.83 Η.78:83 78 >5Γ/8.:5 8: 4218./2 78 5.78:24/8:15 18../15./2+  78 +53
238:124/8:153  6−42:53  ∆  78  7832..5++5  −.Γ2:5  78  +53  08:1.53  78
,5Γ+20/Η: 4/3423 ?−8 78Γ8: 38. 8Χ8.0/723 8: 95.42 05:0−..8:18,5.+2
!878.20/Η: +23 :1/72783 !878.21/Ι23 ∆ +53 −:/0/,/53 8: 8+ Κ4Γ/15 78
054,818:0/2?−8+83 42.02 +25:31/1−0/Η: 5+=1/02 78+53 312753 :/753
8;/02:53
+>−:23788323920−+1278305:0−..8:18335:Π
)(∋3!+∃∗(7∃+∃∋()%2∀
55.7/:2.38 05:+23 8:1/72783 9878.21/Ι23 ∆ +53 4−:/0/,/5305:+2
,2.1/0/,20/Η: 78 +5338015.83 350/2+ ∆ ,./Ι275 8: +2 .82+/ϑ20/Η:78
200/5:83  8  /:Ι8.3/5:83  ,2.2  8+  5.78:24/8:15  18../15./2+  78  +53
238:124/8:153 6−42:53 ∆ 8+ 7832..5++5 −.Γ2:5 78 +53 08:1.53 78
,5Γ+20/Η:∆20−8.753Ε2.1∴
ΦΒ
.5,5:8.2+232−15./7278378+238:1/727839878.21/Ι23+29−:720/Η:
7808:1.5378,5Γ+20/Η:Ε2.1∴
2.1/0/,2. 8: +25.78:20/Η: ∆ .8>−+20/Η: 78 ϑ5:23 05:−.Γ2723 78
08:1.53  78  ,5Γ+20/Η:  −Γ/02753  8:  8+  18../15./5  78  753  5  4Κ3
8:1/727839878.21/Ι23Ε2.1∴

)(∋3!+∃∗(1∀&%+(+∃17∃+∃∋(&%#(1
8>/3+2.8:4218./2 78 5.78:24/8:1518../15./2+78 +53238:124/8:153
6−42:53  ∆  78  7832..5++5  −.Γ2:5  78  +53  08:1.53  78  ,5Γ+20/Η:
218:7/8:752 +23 920−+1278305:0−..8:183,.8Ι/31238: +2 5:31/1−0/Η:
5+=1/0278+53312753:/7538;/02:53Ε2.1&∴
−15./ϑ2.+29−:720/Η:7808:1.5378,5Γ+20/Η:Ε2.1&∴
2.1/0/,2. 8:+2 ,+2:820/Η: ∆ .8>−+20/Η:78+23 05:−.Γ20/5:83<8: +53
1Α.4/:53 788312 8∆∆ 78+2 +8>/3+20/Η: 831212+ 787832..5++5−.Γ2:5
Ε2.1&∴
55.7/:2.3805: +2 !878.20/Η: 51.23 8:1/727839878.21/Ι23∆05:
3−34−:/0/,/53< ,2.28+ 5.78:24/8:1518../15./2+ 78+53 238:124/8:153
6−42:53 ∆8+ 7832..5++5 −.Γ2:578+53 08:1.53 78,5Γ+20/Η:Ε2.1 &∴
ΦΒ
5:Ι8:/.05:+53.83,801/Ι534−:/0/,/53 +2274/:/31.20/Η:05:Χ−:12 78
38.Ι/0/53,≅Γ+/0534−:/0/,2+8378+23+8∆83+502+83Ε2.1
&∴
7()4∗&(+∃1+∃∗!14∀%)%5%!1
.5,5:8.+29−:720/Η:7808:1.5378,5Γ+20/Η:Ε2.1∴
2.1/0/,2.8:+2,+2:820/Η:∆.8>−+20/Η:78+2305:−.Γ20/5:83
1Α.4/:537883128∆∆78+2+8>/3+20/Η:+502+Ε2.1∴
8+8Γ.2. 05: +2 !878.20/Η: +2 8:1/727 9878.21/Ι2 .83,801/Ι2 05:
51.53 4−:/0/,/53 5 05:+53 ,2.1/0−+2.83< 05:Ι8:/53 ∆ 20−8.753 78
055.7/:20/Η:∆05:08.120/Η:?−82,5∆8:+535ΓΧ81/Ι53∆,./5./72783
,.8Ι/3153  8:  +53  ,+2:83  5  ,.5>.2423  4−:/0/,2+83  78  7832..5++5
−.Γ2:5 08:1.5378,5Γ+20/Η: ∆+53784Κ3?−878Α3153 78./Ι8:
Ε2.1∴
55.7/:2.38∆2350/2.3805:+2.83,801/Ι2 8:1/7279878.21/Ι2 ∆05:
51.53  4−:/0/,/53  5  05:  +53  ,2.1/0−+2.83<  ,2.2  +2  ,.83120/Η:  78
38.Ι/0/53 ,≅Γ+/053 4−:/0/,2+83< 78 20−8.75 05: +5 ,.8Ι/315 8: +2
+8>/3+20/Η:+502+Ε2.1∴
5.51.2,2.18
4&                 
          

          =    8
∀∃   #    
          ∃        
6
312 920−+12738 8Χ8.08 7842:8.2 05:0−..8:18 8:1.8+2!878.20/Η:<+53
312753∆+53−:/0/,/53 38>≅:+5/:7/0275 ,5.+25:31/1−0/Η:8:8.2+ 78
+28,≅Γ+/02
+2.1=0−+578+28∆8:8.2+7838:124/8:153−42:53/:7/02?−8+2
,+2:820/Η:∆ .8>−+20/Η:78+ 5.78:24/8:1518../15./2+78 +53238:124/8:153
6−42:53∆78+7832..5++5−.Γ2:578+5308:1.5378,5Γ+20/Η: ++8Ι2.Κ:2
02Γ5 2 1.2ΙΑ3 78 ,.5>.2423 78 5.78:20/Η: 78 ϑ5:23 05:−.Γ2723< 8:1.8
51.53,.5>.2423∆,+2:83Ε9.200/Η:Φ
53  ,+2:83  5  ,.5>.2423  2:183  48:0/5:2753<  38  ./>8:  ,5.  +23
7/3,53/0/5:8378+2 8∆∆8: 3−0235+2+8>/3+20/Η:831212+ 787832..5++5
−.Γ2:5  ∆  ,5.  +53  .8>+248:153  ∆  :5.423  274/:/31.21/Ι23  831212+83  ∆
4−:/0/,2+832,+/02Γ+83
+  02,=1−+5    78  +2  8∆  8:8.2+  78  38:124/8:153  −42:53  83  8+
2,2.1275  ?−8  .8>−+2  78  42:8.2  ,.80/32  8+  98:Η48:5  78  +23  ϑ5:23
05:−.Γ2723
820−8.7505:+2+8∆Ε2.1∋Φ
4      ∀            
  ∀    
    ∀ ∃ ∃ 
   ∃   ∀ 
  ∃  ∀    ∀         
  ∃
&6
2.28+898015 78,+2:82.∆.8>−+2.7842:8Χ205:Χ−:12∆055.7/:272
2−15./72783  05..83,5:7/8:183  78  +53  1.83  :/Ι8+83  78  >5Γ/8.:5  78Γ8:
08+8Γ.2.05:Ι8:/530−2:75Π
82  ,.50878:18  8+  831−7/5  ∆  .835+−0/Η:  05:Χ−:12  78+  7832..5++5
−.Γ2:57875354Κ308:1.5378,5Γ+20/Η:8:8+18../15./5
78  8:1/72783  9878.21/Ι23  Ι80/:23<  ?−8  ,5.  3−3  02.2018.=31/023

>85>.Κ9/023∆3−18:78:0/2805:Η4/02∆−.Γ2:2 
0545−:2ϑ5:205:−.Γ272Β
8  ,.5∆8018  5  9−:78  −:  08:1.5  78  ,5Γ+20/Η: ∆  38  ,.8Ι82  3− 
8;,2:3/Η: 9=3/025 /:9+−8:0/2 9−:0/5:2+ 8: 18../15./5 78 8:1/72783
9878.21/Ι23Ι80/:23
5+248:18 −:5 78 +53 08:1.53 78 ,5Γ+20/Η: 0.8ϑ02 35Γ.8 +2 ϑ5:2
05:−.Γ272
31535:Ι8:/5378Γ8:,−Γ+/02.388: 1.83487/5378054−:/020/Η:Π8:8+
/2./5 9/0/2+78 +2 !878.20/Η:< 8: +53 Η.>2:53 787/9−3/Η: 59/0/2+ 78 +23
8:1/72783 9878.21/Ι23 .83,801/Ι23∆ 8: −: ,8./Η7/05 78 0/.0−+20/Η: 8: +2
ϑ5:2 05:−.Γ272Ε2.1 Φ< 2784Κ3< 78Γ8.Κ: 05:18:8. ,5. +5 48:53 +53
3/>−/8:18323,80153Π
2+502+/ϑ20/Η:
53 054,.54/353 78+2 !878.20/Η: +238:1/72783 9878.21/Ι23∆
78  +53  4−:/0/,/53  .83,801/Ι53< ,2.2  ,+2:82.  ∆  .8>−+2.  05:Χ−:12  ∆ 
055.7/:27248:18+53 08:1.5378,5Γ+20/Η: 05:−.Γ2753Γ2388:
−:,.5>.242785.78:20/Η:78+2ϑ5:205:−.Γ272Β
 2 7818.4/:20/Η: 78200/5:838 /:Ι8.3/5:83 ,2.2 +2 218:0/Η: 78
.8?−8./4/8:153  054−:83  8:  4218./2  78  .838.Ι23  18../15./2+83
,.838.Ι20/Η: ∆ 8?−/+/Γ./5 805+Η>/05 8?−/,24/8:15 ∆
38.Ι/0/53−.Γ2:538:+2ϑ5:205:−.Γ272Β
  2  /:18>.20/Η:  ∆ 5.>2:/ϑ20/Η:  78  +2  054/3/Η:  78  05:−.Γ20/Η:
.83,801/Ι2
23 784Κ3 200/5:83?−8 ,2.212+898015 05:Ι8:>2:+2 !878.20/Η:
+238:1/727839878.21/Ι23∆+534−:/0/,/53.83,801/Ι53
5: .8+20/Η: 2+2 48:0/5:272 Μ054/3/Η: 78 05:−.Γ20/Η:Ο +2 +8∆,.8ΙΑ
?−818:>202.Κ018. 78,8.42:8:18 8:8++2,2.1/0/,8: +2!878.20/Η:< +23
8:1/72783  9878.21/Ι23  ∆  +53  4−:/0/,/53  .83,801/Ι53  /062 054/3/Η:  83 
,.83/7/72  ,5.  −:  .8,.838:12:18  78  +2  80.812.=2  78  832..5++5  50/2+  ∆
9−:0/5:20545 4802:/34578055.7/:20/Η:/:31/1−0/5:2+∆7805:08.120/Η:
78200/5:838/:Ι8.3/5:8305:+5338015.83350/2+∆,./Ι275Ε2.1Φ
5459−:0/Η:78>.2:/4,5.12:0/2+2Μ054/3/Η:7805:−.Γ20/Η:Ο95.4−+2
∆ 2,.−8Γ2 8+,.5>.24278 5.78:20/Η: 78 +2 ϑ5:2 05:−.Γ272< ∆ 124Γ/Α:
78Γ8>831/5:2.∆8Ι2+−2.3−78384,8Λ5Ε2.1
53.898./753,.5>.2423785.78:20/Η:78+23ϑ5:2305:−.Γ2723
+2Γ238 35Γ.8+530−2+83 3808+8Γ.2:+53054,.54/353 78+2!878.20/Η:< +53

312753 −:/0/,/53 .83,801/Ι53 ,2.2 ,+2:82.∆ .8>−+2. +53 08:1.53 78
,5Γ+20/Η:05:−.Γ2753−/8:18Ε2.1ΦΠ
205:>.−8:0/278+,.5>.242785.78:20/Η:78ϑ5:205:−.Γ27205:
8+  ,.5>.242  :20/5:2+  78  7832..5++5  −.Γ2:5<  +53  4802:/3453  78
,+2:820/Η:.8>/5:2+2?−838.89/8.88+2.1=0−+578+2+8∆
05:  +53  ,.5>.2423  78  7832..5++5  −.Γ2:5  78  +23  8:1/72783
9878.21/Ι23∆78+534−:/0/,/53.83,801/Ι53Β
20/.0−:30./,0/Η:18../15./2+78+205:−.Γ20/Η:Β
23 Γ2383,2.2+28+2Γ5.20/Η:∆8Χ80−0/Η:78+53 ,.5∆80153?−838
Ι2∆2:2.82+/ϑ2.8:+2ϑ5:205:−.Γ272Β
2 7818.4/:20/Η:ΓΚ3/02 7883,20/53 787/027532 +205:38.Ι20/Η:
48Χ5.24/8:15  ∆  0.80/4/8:15<  23=  0545  78  +2  ,.838.Ι20/Η:  ∆
8?−/+/Γ./5  805+Η>/05  78  +53  08:1.53  78  ,5Γ+20/Η:  78  +2  ϑ5:2
05:−.Γ272Β∆<
23  200/5:83  8  /:Ι8.3/5:83  ,2.2  +2  75120/Η:  78  /:9.2831.−01−.2
8?−/,24/8:15∆ 38.Ι/0/53−.Γ2:53 ?−8382:054−:832+53 08:1.53
78,5Γ+20/Η:78+2ϑ5:205:−.Γ272
3153  ,.5>.2423  78  5.78:20/Η: 78  +23  ϑ5:23  05:−.Γ2723  78Γ8:  38. 
2,.5Γ2753  ,5.  +23  054/3/5:83  78  05:−.Γ20/Η:<  ∆<  ,5318./5.48:18<  +53
−:/0/,/53.83,801/Ι5318:7.Κ: ?−87818.4/:2. ,+2:835,.5>.2423
78  7832..5++5  −.Γ2:5  05..83,5:7/8:18<  +23  .838.Ι23<  −353  ∆  7831/:53  78
Κ.823∆,.87/53Ε2.1 Φ
5.  51.5  +275<  +2  4−+1/0/1272  +8∆  ,.8ΙΑ  8:  3−  2.1=0−+5  #<  ?−8  15753
2?−Α++5398:Η48:53 7805:−.Γ20/Η:−Γ/0275378:1.578 +53+=4/18378 −:2
4/3428:1/727 9878.21/Ι28: ,5.+2+8>/3+20/Η:+502+48:53?−838
1.21878 4218./278ϑ5:/9/020/Η: ,−838:838023518:7.Κ?−8218:78.38+5
8312Γ+80/75,5.8+2.1=0−+5 78+20/1272+8∆
+  38>−:75  ,Κ..295  78+  2.1=0−+5  #  6208  2+−3/Η:  2  +5  ?−8  ,57.=2
78:54/:2.38  Μϑ5:23  05:−.Γ2723  9.5:18./ϑ23Ο<  ?−8  35:  2?−Α++23  ϑ5:23
−.Γ2:23  054−:83  2 08:1.53  78  ,5Γ+20/Η:  9.5:18./ϑ53  2  51.53  ,2=383  + 
.83,8015 ?−8832305:−.Γ20/5:83<+2218:0/Η:∆ .835+−0/Η:783−3
,.5Γ+8423∆:8083/72783 383−Χ818: 2 +531.212753< 20−8.753∆05:Ι8:/53
/:18.:20/5:2+83 8:  +2  4218./2  :  83153  .212753  78Γ8.Κ  ,.545Ι8.38  +2
,2.1/0/,20/Η:  78  +53  312753  ∆  78  +53  −:/0/,/53  .83,801/Ι53<  2−:?−8
0/8.1248:18  8:  +2  .82+/727<  32Γ8453  ?−8  +2  4218./2 78  +53  .212753 
:18.:20/5:2+8335::8>50/2753∆3−30./153,5.8+578.Χ80−1/Ι5!878.2+ 

2,.5Γ2753 ,5. 8+ 8:27578+2 8,≅Γ+/02< ,5. +5 ?−805:3/78.2453 4−∆
7/9=0/++2,2.1/0/,20/Η:201/Ι278+53312753∆−:/0/,/53
24Γ/Α:  78Γ8453  780/.  ?−8  8;/31/8.5:  +53  .5>.2423  20/5:2+83  78
832..5++5 .Γ2:5 .78:20/Η: 8../15./2+  ∃∋∋∋ ∋∋∃∋∋#<
055.7/:2753  ,5.  +2  80.812.=2 78  832..5++5  50/2+<  ∆  ?−8  2  ,2.1/.  78+ 
,.838:18  38;8:/5<  −:  2,2.1275  78  832..5++5  .Γ2:5  78:1.5  78+  +2:
20/5:2+  78  832..5++5  ∋∋#∃∋∋  01−2+48:18<  35:  12:15  8+  5:38Χ5
20/5:2+ 785Γ+20/Η: ΕΦ 0545+280.812.=2 78 832..5++550/2+
ΕΦ∆8+:31/1−15 20/5:2+78 3127=31/02∆85>.29=2ΕΦ?−/8:83
78+/4/12:+23ϑ5:23481.5,5+/12:23
>
5. +5 ?−838 .89/8.8 2 +23 8:1/72783 9878.21/Ι23 0272−:2 62 84/1/75
+8∆83  ?−8  .8>−+2:  +5  .8+21/Ι5  2  +23  ϑ5:23  05:−.Γ2723<  −Γ/02:75  3−3
054,818:0/23∆21./Γ−0/5:8378:1.5 78+53 ,2.Κ481.53 ?−85.78:2 +28∆
8:8.2+7838:124/8:153−42:532:1832:2+/ϑ272
23  +8∆83  ∆Τ5  Η7/>53  +502+83  ?−8  1.212:  8+  98:Η48:5  78  +23  ϑ5:23
05:−.Γ272335:+533/>−/8:183Π
7 
?
>−2302+/8:183 Η7/>5.Γ2:5,2.28+3127578
>−2302+/8:183
2Χ22+/95.:/2 8∆78832..5++5.Γ2:578+31275782Χ2
2+/95.:/2
2Χ22+/95.:/2−. 8∆78832..5++5.Γ2:5,2.28+3127578
2Χ22+/95.:/2−.
24,8068 8∆7838:124/8:153−42:5378+3127578
24,8068
526−/+2 8∆7838:124/8:153−42:53∆832..5++5
.Γ2:578+3127578526−/+2782.2>5ϑ2
5+/42 8∆7838:124/8:153−42:5378+3127578
5+/42

6/2,23 8∆.>Κ:/02−:/0/,2+78+31275786/2,23
6/6−26−2 8∆78832..5++5.Γ2:578+3127578
6/6−26−2
/31./15!878.2+ 8∆78832..5++5.Γ2:578+/31./15!878.2+
−.2:>5 8∆8:8.2+78832..5++5.Γ2:5,2.28+
3127578−.2:>5
−2:2Χ−215 8∆78832..5++5.Γ2:5,2.28+3127578
−2:2Χ−215
−8..8.5 8∆78832..5++5.Γ2:578+3127578
−8..8.5:≅48.5
/72+>5
8∆7838:124/8:153−42:53
.Γ2:5∆.78:24/8:158../15./2+78+31275
78/72+>5
2+/305 8∆78832..5++5.Γ2:578+31275782+/305
3127578Α;/05 Η7/>574/:/31.21/Ι578+3127578Α;/05
/06520Κ: Η7/>578832..5++5.Γ2:578+3127578
/06520Κ:78024,5
5.8+53
38:124/8:153−42:5378+3127578
5.8+53
2∆2./1 8∆7838:124/8:153−42:53∆832..5++5
.Γ2:5,2.28+31275782∆2./1
−8Ι58Η:
8∆78.78:24/8:158../15./2+78+53
38:124/8:153−42:53∆78832..5++5
.Γ2:578+3127578−8Ι58Η:
2;202 8∆78832..5++5.Γ2:5,2.28+3127578
2;202

−8Γ+2 8∆78832..5++5.Γ2:5−318:12Γ+878+
3127578−8Γ+2
Ν−8.Α12.5 Η7/>5.Γ2:5,2.28+3127578Ν−8.Α12.5
Ν−/:12:255 8∆7838:124/8:153−42:5378+3127578
Ν−/:12:255
2:−/35153= 8∆78832..5++5.Γ2:578+31275782:
−/35153=
/:2+52 8∆78832..5++5.Γ2:578+3127578/:2+52
5:5.2 8∆78.78:24/8:158../15./2+∆832..5++5
.Γ2:578+31275785:5.2
2Γ2305 8∆78.78:24/8:15−318:12Γ+878+8../15./5
78+31275782Γ2305
242−+/,23 8∆,2.28+832..5++5.Γ2:578+3127578
242−+/,23
+2;02+2 8∆78.78:24/8:158../15./2+,2.28+31275
78+2;02+2
8.20.−ϑ 8∆78832..5++58>/5:2+∆.Γ2:578+31275
788.20.−ϑ78>:20/578+2+2Ι8
−021Κ: 8∆7838:124/8:153−42:5378+3127578
−021Κ:
20218023 Η7/>5.Γ2:578+312757820218023



845305:3/78.275,8.1/:8:18831−7/2.8+023578+20/−727782:1/2>5<
02,/12+78+28,≅Γ+/02786/+8−:2:20/Η:/Γ8.5248./02:2
0−∆53/31842Χ−.=7/05,8.18:8082+24/342924/+/2?−88+48;/02:5Β∆< ,5.
18:8.+2 ,80−+/2./72778?−8 +2:20/Η:06/+8:283−:2.8,≅Γ+/02−:/12./2 
780/. :5 831Κ 05:95.4272 ,5. 312753< 3/:5 ,5. 8>/5:83 7/Ι/7/723 8:
.5Ι/:0/23/:18>.2723Α3123 23− Ι8ϑ/0/,/53 05:8+
2.1=0−+5∋78+25:31/1−0/Η:5+=1/0278+28,≅Γ+/02786/+8
2 0/−727 78 2:1/2>5< 9−:7272 8+  78 98Γ.8.5 78   ,5. 8+
05:?−/31275.8;1.848Λ587.5782+7/Ι/28+:54Γ.878Μ2:1/2>578
+2 −8Ι2 ;1.8427−.2Ο 65:5. 78+ 2,Η315+ 2:1/2>5 8: &∋05:12Γ2
05:#4/+62Γ/12:183<0/9.2?−82−48:128:∋∋4/+,2.28+2Λ5& :
  +2 0/−727 62 2−48:1275 2  4/++Η:<   4/+ ∋∋ 62Γ/12:183 ∆ +2
2>+548.20/Η:1/8:8−:23−,8.9/0/878 4/+6801Κ.823
: 8 + 2Λ5  78  <  +23  2−15./72783  06/+8:23 05:1.212.5:  2+  −.Γ2:/312 
Ι/8:Α3 )2.+ .Ξ::8. ,2.2 ?−8 7/38Λ2.2 8+ Μ+2: 8>−+275. 78+ 8:1.5 78
2:1/2>5Ο
Μ. ΧΕΟΛ ς ;Ψ    # ∋ 
∃  ∃          ∃
         ∃         
     . ∃ 
∀∃ %  ∃ ;∃ # 
∀ ∋     8   Α∃       
Α   #  
∀  ∋ .ΧΕ?>  ΧΕ>>∃     
∋          ς  ;Ψ∃    
   &  
 ΧΠ ΧΛ ∃ ∃  ∀∃    
  
    ∋      #    #    ∋   
       
6Χ?∆
3Χ8 +
;Β3Β
3ΧΧ )  .    ∗  ∋  ∃  ;Β3Β  ∋  &<  ∗ 
.?)∗,≅Γ8Β;Β3Β
3Χ:&9
3ΧΓΞ

3,8015 /4,5.12:18 83 8+ 2Λ5 #< 98062 8: ?−8 38 275,12 8+ Μ+2:
8>−+275. :18.054−:2+ 78 2:1/2>5Ο ΕΦ< 4/345 ?−8 831−Ι5Ι/>8:18
62312  <  2Λ5  8:  ?−8  9−8  3−31/1−/75  ,5.  8+  Μ+2:  8>−+275.
81.5,5+/12:5Ο2.28+ 2Λ5∋∋ϑ5:2481.5,5+/12:278 2:1/2>51/8:8
−:2,5Γ+20/Η:3−,8./5.2+53 4/++5:83∋∋ 4/+62Γ/12:183 8:
−:2 3−,8.9/0/8  78  #∋  4/+  6801Κ.823<  ∆  8:  75:78 831Κ:  /:05.,5.2753   
4−:/0/,2+/72783
/:84Γ2.>5 8+0.80/4/8:1578+20/−727782:1/2>52,832.78 05:12.
05: ,+2:83.8>−+275.83 78378 :562 3/75 6545>Α:85∆2?−8 0272
−:578+53 4−:/0/,/532>+548.2753:505:1Η05:−: +2:8>−+275.8:
3/:15:=205:8+78 +2054−:2782:1/2>505:1.5+≅:/0248:18
78  +23  7/.800/5:83  78  Γ.23  −:/0/,2+83  78  0272  −:2  78  +23  
4−:/0/,2+/72783?−8265.2+205:95.42:
2∆?−8 20+2.2.?−8+2 4−:/0/,2+/7275054−:2782:1/2>5833Η+5−:2
78+23?−8201−2+48:1805:95.42:+2ϑ5:2481.5,5+/12:2
895.423/4/+2.2+5?−83−08788:+2/−72778Α;/05 487/275378
+532Λ53∋ϕ3+538+8Ι2753=:7/0837805:124/:20/Η:214539Α./025Γ+/>2.5:2
.831./:>/.  +2  0/.0−+20/Η:  78  Ι86=0−+53  ,2.1/0−+2.83
3/31842781.2:3,5.18,≅Γ+/0505+2,3Η 81−Ι5?−805:31.−/.4Κ3+=:82378+
481.5 0.82.−: 1.8: 3−Γ−.Γ2:5 −: 3/3184242831.578 1.2:3,5.18 ,5.
2−15Γ−38378:54/:275Μ.2:32:1/2>5Ο
1.57215 0−./53578831802358:831−7/5 ?−8+20/−727 782:1/2>5
:51/8:8−:22−15./727481.5,5+/12:2054512+Β8+,578.,≅Γ+/05831Κ7/Ι/75
8: >8:8.2+ 8: 8>/5:83 .5Ι/:0/23∆−:/0/,/53< 0545 ∆2 7/Χ/453 2:183<
,8.58+ 023578 2:1/2>5:5 8:02Χ28::/:>−:578 8++532201−2+Μ8>/Η:
81.5,5+/12:2  78  2:1/2>5Ο 9−8  0.8272  8:  #  ,2.2  8:>+5Γ2.  +2  ϑ5:2 
481.5,5+/12:20.82728: 2:1/>−2.5Ι/:0/2782:1/2>5
20/−727201−2+35Γ.8,232+53+=4/18378+2.5Ι/:0/2782:1/2>5 2:/Ι8+
4−:/0/,2++5Γ2+502+/72783
:/Ι8+ 4−:/0/,2+7/./>/75,5. −:2+02+78∆−:05:38Χ5 ,5.
Ι5120/Η:,5,−+2. 7/.8012+ >5Γ/8.:58>/5:2+ 831Κ2 02.>578 −:5:38Χ5
8>/5:2+ /:7/.801248:18 ,5.−: :18:78:18
7/.801248:18,5.8+ .83/78:1878+28,≅Γ+/02Ε2.1 78+25:31/1−0/Η:
6/+8:2Φ055.7/:275.8:4218./23?−8298012:2Ι2./23
054−:23−2:75380.8Η+28>/Η:81.5,5+/12:2782:1/2>5 
382−15./ϑΗ−:>5Γ/8.:5,2.2+2.5Ι/:0/2782:1/2>5 
,.5,/5/:18:78:18 8+2Λ5∋∋380.8Η+29/>−.278Μ8+8>275
.5Ι/:0/2+Ο ?−8 78,8:78 Χ8.Κ.?−/0248:18 78+ 4/345 :18:78:18 :+23
3ΧΗ>:

784Κ3,.5Ι/:0/23 8+,578.+58Χ8.08−: 5Γ8.:275.:275+/Γ.848:18
,5.8+.83/78:1878+28,≅Γ+/02
5.≅+1/45+2055.7/:20/Η:481.5,5+/12:2 
+25:31/1−0/Η:06/+8:28312Γ+808Π
0 ΧΛΟ−&  ∀    
    ∃   
 # ∃   
∀5Χ?Μ
/3,53/0/Η: ?−8 0545 Ι8453 83 4−∆ ,2.80/72 2+28312Γ+80/72,5.8+
2.1=0−+5 <9.200/Η:Β∆ 2,2.1275 78+2 5:31/1−0/Η:5+=1/02 78
+53312753:/7538;/02:53
3ΧΙΞ



20/−72778−8:53/.83 8,≅Γ+/02.>8:1/:28+
78 98Γ.8.578  #,5. 8+05:?−/31275.83,2Λ5+ 87.578 8:75ϑ2 8+
:54Γ.8  78  Μ−831.2  8Λ5.2  78+  −8:  ∆.8Ο  /:05  2Λ53  783,−Α3  8+
238:124/8:1583,2Λ5+9−82..23275,5.+53/:7/53 ?−8.2:7=83+ 78Χ−+/578
 &∋ .89−:7272,5. 8+83,2Λ5+ −2:782.2∆< 05:8+ :54Γ.878 Μ/−727
78 +2  2:1=3/42  ./:/727  ∆  −8.15  78  2:12 2.=2  78+  −8:  ∆.8Ο<  05:  #
924/+/237805+5:5383,2Λ5+83∆∋∋924/+/23>−2.2:=83
: 08:35 ++8Ι275 2 02Γ5 8: &# /:7/0Η ?−8 8312Γ2 62Γ/1272 ,5. #4/+
62Γ/12:183 2.2 8+ 2Λ5 &  ∆2 62Γ=2 & 4/+< 62Γ/12:75  ∋ 42:ϑ2:23
87/9/02723:& 38 0.8Η+2−:/0/,2+/72778+23+−0623,5+=1/023
∆4/+/12.83?−8,5052,5059−8.5:05:95.42:758+3127520/5:2+.>8:1/:5<
8:&&∋ 9−89878.2+/ϑ272780/. −:2ϑ5:2 78Χ−./37/00/Η:
9878.2+2. 78.83/78:0/278 +53578.83 78+2:/Η: !878.2+5 3/4/+2.2+
3121−3 78 :−831.5 /31./15 !878.2+ 8: Α;/05 2 .5Ι/:0/2 78 −8:53 /.83
087/Η:5 3Η+58+02305 08:1.2+78 +2/−72778 −8:53/.83 3/:5124Γ/Α:753
,2.1/7534Κ3Π8+>.275∆2:53Α78!+5.83
: &&< 8+ 5:>.835 20/5:2+0.8Η +23 9/>−.23 78 Μ:18:78:18Ο ∆ 78
Μ5:38Χ5 8+/Γ8.2:18Ο+,./48.5< 8.2 783/>:275,5. 8+ .83/78:18 78+2
8,≅Γ+/0205:+22,.5Γ20/Η:78+8:275:024Γ/58+/Γ8.2:18
8.28+8015,5,−+2.48:18
!−8+2 Α,5028:?−8 +2,5Γ+20/Η: 78+20/−727 0.80/Η8;,5:8:0/2+48:18<
78./Ι27578+2++8>272423/Ι278/:4/>.2:183
4/8:1.23?−88:&&∋62Γ=24/+##62Γ/12:183 & ∆28.2:#
4/+
:  38 .895.4Η +2 5:31/1−0/Η: .>8:1/:2∆8:8+2.1=0−+5 38
8312Γ+80/Η?−8Π
)−& ;0∀ 7 
∃      ∃  
 ∀
≅  ∋∀      . ∃   
    ;  0          =
. ∃= 
∀       ; 0  #∃ 
    #       ∃    
.:∋6Χ>Π
3Χ9+

,2.1/.788312 .895.428+2Λ5# 380.8Η +25:31/1−0/Η:5+=1/02
78  +2 /−727  78  −8:53  /.83<  ?−8  8312Γ+80/Η  +53  1.83  ,578.83  0+Κ3/053
Ε8Χ80−1/Ι5<  +8>/3+21/Ι5  ∆  Χ−7/0/2+Φ  ∆  −:  .Α>/48: 054−:2+  +  1/1−+2.  78+ 
Χ80−1/Ι5 +502+ 38 78:54/:2 Μ898 78 5Γ/8.:5 78 +2 /−727 78 −8:53
/.83Ο 8+8015,5. Ι5120/Η:,5,−+2. 7/.8012 −:,8.=575 78 2Λ53<
,−7/8:75 38..88+8015 + ,578.+8>/3+21/Ι5+5 8Χ8.08 −:28>/3+21−.2 +502+<
/:18>.272,5.#∋7/,−12753
820−8.752+28∆:≅48.5 && Ε8∆?−8>2.2:1/ϑ2+53/:18.838378+
31275 20/5:2+ 8: +2/−72778 −8:53 /.83Φ< 78+  78:5Ι/84Γ.8 78
 −31/0/278 +20/−7273Η+5 1/8:8Χ−./37/00/Η: 8:18423 78Ι80/:727<
05:1.2Ι8:0/5:2+∆ 7892+123 ∆1./Γ−12.=2+502+83
+ 578.  −7/0/2+ 38  8:0−8:1.2  05:95.4275  ,5.  8+  ./Γ−:2+  −,8./5.  78
−31/0/2 +22>/31.21−.2 +537/98.8:183
./Γ−:2+83  78  +2  /−727  /: 84Γ2.>5<  3−  5.>2:/ϑ20/Η:  8:  1Α.4/:53  78 
2−15:54=2+8>/3+21/Ι2 ∆Χ−7/0/2+48:5.∃8:1Α.4/:53Χ−.=7/053∃?−8 +278
0−2+?−/8.2  78  +23  ,.5Ι/:0/23  ?−8  054,5:8: +2  8,≅Γ+/02  .>8:1/:2  2 
−31/0/2 8: 23−:153 78 78.8065 054≅: ?−8 38 /4,2.18 8: +20/−727831Κ
.8>/72,5.8+578.−7/0/2+78+220/Η:
:0−2:152+239−8.ϑ237838>−./727  &&/:7/02?−88+
>5Γ/8.:5,5.18Λ58Χ8.08 +239−:0/5:83 78 38>−./7278: 15723 +234218./23
:5 9878.2+838:1/:2< 2
02.>578+ 578.Χ80−1/Ι5:20/5:2+ 2.283123 12.8239−80.82728:8+483
78501−Γ.878∋∋&+2 5+/0=281.5,5+/12:278−8:53/.83
2  8Χ8.08.  3−3  9−:0/5:83  8:  98Γ.8.5  78  ∋∋  2  5+/0=2  81.5,5+/12:2
054,2.18  +23  9−:0/5:83  78  ,5+/0=2  78  38>−./727  05:  +2 5+/0=2  !878.2+
.>8:1/:2∆∃8:+2ϑ5:2,5.1−2./2∃05:+2.89801−.22Ι2+.>8:1/:2
;/31=2 8: −8:53 /.83 −:2 95.42 78 78308:1.2+/ϑ20/Η: 274/:/31.21/Ι2
054,−8312 ,5. +53 8:1.53 78 831/Η: ∆2 .1/0/,20/Η:54−:2+
.884,+2ϑ272 2 ,2.1/. 78 ∋∋ ,5. −: :−8Ι5 3/31842 78 054−:23 272
054−:2 1/8:83− ,.5,/5,21./45:/5 ∆,.83−,−8315< ∆831Κ >5Γ8.:272,5.
−:2Μ−:12 54−:2+Ο312−:128312.Κ/:18>.272,5. 3/8184/84Γ.53 
7−.2: 0−21.5 2Λ53 8: 3−3 9−:0/5:8301−2+48:18 8;/318: 054−:23<
50−,2:75∋ς/+Η481.530−27.2753 
78+534Κ378 4/++5:83?−81/8:81572 +22>+548.20/Η: 05:50/720545
Μ.2:−8:53/.83Ο<0−∆23∋4−:/0/,2+/727835,2.1/75395.42:,2.18 78
+2.5Ι/:0/278−8:53/.83 
 4/++5:837862Γ/12:183
3:Β +
=;Β3Β

+5:>.83520/5:2++/4/1Η+532+02:08378+22−15:54=278+2/−72778
−8:53/.83,5.487/578+28∆:≅48.5  && 0545
Μ8∆29/8.5Ο 
: 0−2:15  2  +23  920−+12783  8:  4218./2  78 7832..5++5  481.5,5+/12:5  ∆ 
05:−.Γ20/Η:
)∗ Ζ . . =     
∋∃ 5     ∀ 
∃    5  
%;06Χ>Λ
3 780/.<8+ >5Γ/8.:5 78 +2 /−727 02.808 78 920−+12783 ,2.2 08+8Γ.2.
05:Ι8:/53  78  7832..5++5  481.5,5+/12:5  12:15  05:  +23  2−15./72783
4−:/0/,2+8305:−.Γ272305:+53Η.>2:5378 >5Γ/8.:578+2.5Ι/:0/2
78−8:53/.83
545,5784535Γ38.Ι2.<+2 3/1−20/Η:78 +2 /−72778 −8:53 /.838:
0/8.153 23,80153 83 ,2.80/72 2 +2 78 :−831.5/31./15 !878.2+ 48;/02:5
2−:?−8 05:  +2  7/98.8:0/2  78  ?−8  8:  Α;/05<  8+  /31./15 !878.2+  3=  831Κ 
920−+1275  ,2.2  3−30./Γ/.  05:Ι8:/53  ,2.2  +2  0.820/Η:  78  054/3/5:83
481.5,5+/12:23
5:31/1−0/Η:8:8.2+78+28,≅Γ+/02
3:3+
3Β;Β3Β
3:;+
3Β;Β3Β


#
2  0/−727  78  −8Ι2 5.ς  9−8  05+5:/ϑ272  2  ,2.1/.  78+  2Λ5  #  ,5.
65+2:78383 83,80/2+/ϑ2753 8: 8+ 0548.0/5 78 ,/8+83< 2+ 42:75 78 818.
/:−/1 Γ2Χ5 8+ :54Γ.878 Μ−8Ι2 (4318.724Ο  : ##+8383 
05:?−/312.5:8++−>2.< .8:54Γ.Κ:75+5 Μ−8Ι25.ςΟ< 8: 65:5.78+−?−8
78 5.ς ∆+Γ2:∆ 8.4/:272 +2 >−8..2 78 /:78,8:78:0/2 −8Ι25.ς 38
−:/Η2+5:>.835 5:1/:8:12+,./48.,.83/78:1878 +53312753:/753
78 4Α./0285.>8Ζ236/:>15:< 9−8 2:−:0/275 78378 8+!878.2+2++ 78
Ζ2++1.88120/−7279−8+202,/12+78+2:−8Ι2:20/Η:78&2∋
:+2201−2+/72705:4Κ3784/++5:837862Γ/12:1830/−7274Κ3
,5Γ+272 78 +53 312753:/75378 4Α./02< ∆ +2 38>−:72 78+ 05:1/:8:18
248./02:5 8: −:2 3−,8.9/0/8 78 ς/+Η481.53 0−27.2753 95.42:75
,2.18 78 −:2 ϑ5:24−0654Κ3 >.2:78< +2 ϑ5:2 481.5,5+/12:2 78 −8Ι2
5.ς?−8++8>2 2 4Κ378  4/++5:837862Γ/12:183< 054,−8312 38>≅:+2
59/0/:278+8:3578+53312753:/753+548.20/5:83−.Γ2:2378
−8Ι25.ς3+2:7
3−:578+53 ,./:0/,2+8308:1.534−:7/2+83 780548.0/5<9/:2:ϑ23 
4572
31Κ  05:95.4272  ,5.  0/:05  ΜΓ5.5−>63Ο  5  7/31./153  4−:/0/,2+83<  ?−8
05..83,5:78: ∆ 35: 8?−/Ι2+8:183 2 0/:05 05:72753 78+ 3127578−8Ι2
5.ςΠ

 
.5:; .5:;
.55ς+∆: )/:>3
2:62112: −8Ι25.ς
Ν−88:3 Ν−88:3
1218:3+2:7 /0645:7
272  Γ5.5−>6  831Κ  .8,.838:1275  ,5.  −:  .83/78:18  05:  ,578.83
8Χ80−1/Ι53 4−∆ .87−0/753< ∆ 2784Κ3:5 8;/318: 9−:0/5:83 +8>/3+21/Ι232+
/:18./5. 78 0272Γ5.5−>6+ .82+ ,578. 8Χ80−1/Ι5 .83/78 8: 8+ 2+02+7878
−8Ι2 5.ς 8+ ,578. +8>/3+21/Ι5 4−:/0/,2+.83/78 8: 8+ Μ/1∆5−:0/+Ο5
5:38Χ5−:/0/,2+78−8Ι25.ς.275,5. 4/84Γ.53∆8+801538:
7/31./153>85>.Κ9/053,2.2,8.=5753780−21.52Λ53
3:8+

272  Γ5.5−>6  2  3−  Ι8ϑ  831Κ  05:95.4275  ,5.  Ι2./53  7/31./153
274/:/31.21/Ι53<  0272  −:5  78  8++53  274/:/31.275  ,5.  −:2  −:12  78
54−:/727502+ 5Μ544−:/1∆52.7Ο .805>8:?−8Χ23 0/−7272:23∆
3/.Ι8:0545>8315.8378+53.83/78:0/23783−Κ.822:188+2∆−:124/8:15 
: 0−2:152+ 42.05 :5.421/Ι5 78 +20/−727 78 −8Ι2 5.ς 8;/318−:2
5:31/1−0/Η:+502+ Ε8α 5.ς/1∆ 62.18.Φ 78+2Λ5 &&?−88312Γ+808
8: 3− 02,=1−+5 5012Ι5  +2 ,+2:820/Η: 78 +2 0/−727
3800/5:835 2.1=0−+53 2+ ∋ 8:1.8+530−2+83 7831202+2 3800/Η:Ε5
2.1=0−+5 Φ?−80.82 +2 Μ9/0/:2 ,2.2 +2 55.7/:20/Η:487/524Γ/8:12+Ο<
?−81/8:8,5. 9/:2+/727Π2∆−72.2+537/Ι8.353 5.>2:/34534−:/0/,2+838:8+
0−4,+/4/8:15  78  3−3  5Γ+/>20/5:83  24Γ/8:12+83<  2784Κ3  78  38.Ι/.  0545
8:+208 78 +2 0/−727 05: 2−15./727839878.2+83∆ 831212+83 8: 4218./2 78
487/5 24Γ/8:18 784Κ3 5.78: 8Χ80−1/Ι2 78+ 2Λ5 ∋∋#78+8>Η8:
7/062  59/0/:2  +23  920−+12783  78+  2+02+78  78  −8Ι2  5.ς  8:  4218./2  78
2,+/020/Η:78+2+8∆7805:31.−00/Η:ΜΙ8.78Ο #
3:Χ+
3:: +
;Β3Β
3:Γ+


8+52:18./5.48:18831−7/2754/3453−:5
78 +53 1.83 02353 78 ϑ5:23 481.5,5+/12:23 2Γ5.72723 Ε2:1/2>5 −8:53
/.83 −8Ι2 5.ςΦ 62: .83−8+1578 42:8.2 789/:/1/Ι2 8+ ,.5Γ+842 78+
7832..5++5  481.5,5+/12:5Β  3/:5 ?−8<  ,5.  8+  05:1.2./5<  ,505  2  ,505  Ι2:
2Χ−312:75  3−3  3/318423  :5.421/Ι53−Γ8.:248:12+83< 
05:95.48Ι2 2−48:12:75 8+2>+548.20/Η:−.Γ2:2∆ +53 ,.5Γ+842338 Ι2:
Ι5+Ι/8:754Κ3054,+8Χ53
5. +5 12:15< ,57.=2453 2../Γ2. 2 +2 ,./48.2 05:0+−3/Η:Π8+ 7832..5++5
481.5,5+/12:5  83  −:  98:Η48:5  7/:Κ4/05  ?−8  .8?−/8.8  35+−0/5:83
/>−2+48:18 7/:Κ4/023 5.+5 12:15< 78378 8+ ,−:15 78 Ι/312 Χ−.=7/05 38
.8?−/8.8−:42.059+8;/Γ+8?−8,8.4/122+537/Ι8.353Η.78:83 78>5Γ/8.:5
Ε,2.2  8+  0235  48;/02:5
780/3/5:83.Κ,/723∆2+2Ι8ϑ05:38:32723
:38>−:75+−>2. Ι8453?−8 8+ 0235782:1/2>5 83,2.80/752+78+23
ϑ5:23 05:−.Γ2723 78Α;/05 1.212.38 78 Ι2./23 4−:/0/,2+/72783 05:
/7Α:1/023 920−+12783 4/3423 ?−8 1/8:8: ?−8 2350/2.38 ∆95.4−+2.,+2:83
/:18.∃4−:/0/,2+83  ,2.2  8+  7832..5++5  78  35+−0/5:83 5.  3−  ,2.18< +2
5:31/1−0/Η:  5+=1/02  06/+8:2  05:1/8:8  −:2  7/3,53/0/Η:  3/4/+2.  2  +2
8312Γ+80/72,5.:−831.52.1=0−+5
:18.08.+−>2.?−88+023578−8:53/.83834Κ3,2.80/75
2+ 0235 78+ /31./15 !878.2+<,5. 1.212.38 78 −:2 0/−727 05: 83121−3 78
Μ2−1Η:542Ο515.>275 8:98062.80/8:18 ΕΦ ?−8831Κ7/Ι/7/72 2
3−  Ι8ϑ  8:  ,2.1/753<  ?−8  38.=2:  8:  0/8.12  95.42  8+  3=4/+  78  :−831.23
78+8>20/5:83 ,5+=1/023 2 3− Ι8ϑ +2/−727 −1Η:54283 05+/:72:1805:
51.234−:/0/,2+/72783 /:18>.2:18378+2.5Ι/:0/278−8:53 /.83 +23
?−8 78Γ8 78 ,5:8.38 78 20−8.75/: 84Γ2.>5< +2 5:31/1−0/Η: 5+=1/02
.>8:1/:2  7/9/8.8  78 +2  48;/02:2<  ∆  .838.Ι2  15753  83153  20−8.753  2  +2
!878.20/Η: ,./Ι2:7523= 2 +2 /−727 7812+83 21./Γ−0/5:83 ∆ 920−+12783 
,832.7805:12.Α312≅+1/4205:−:25:31/1−0/Η:5+=1/02+502+
:0−2.15+−>2. 8+023578−8Ι25.ς83/:18.832:18,5.?−8381.21278
−:20/−727 78 −:,2=3 05:−: 3/31842 Χ−.=7/057/31/:15 2+:−831.5< ?−83/:
84Γ2.>50−8:1205:/:31/1−0/5:8378>5Γ/8.:54−∆ 3/>:/9/021/Ι23 
ΜΓ5.5−>63Ο?−802.808: 78920−+12783/4,5.12:183
Α31232+ +02+7878−8Ι2 5.ς∆8+5:38Χ5 78+2/−727 8453124Γ/Α:
?−8  8: 3−  5:31/1−0/Η:  +502+  0−8:12  05:  −:  02,=1−+5  83,80=9/05  ,2.2  8+
7832..5++5∆,+2:820/Η:78+20/−727

5.51.2,2.18
.835+Ι8.05:8+7832..5++5481.5,5+/12:5 78Ι/72,2.2
+53  62Γ/12:183  78  +23  0/−727838:/8.5  −2:    ./Γ8
5:>5./2+2!878.20/Η:785+8>/5378:>8:/8.53/Ι/+83
78 +2 8,≅Γ+/02 48;/02:2 <62 78:54/:275 8+ 4578+5 78 0/−72783
ΜΗ,1/4238/782+83Ο
4+ 9  #              ∀    
1
 9            ∃     
∃
,9#  ∃  ∃ 
  ∃   ∋∃  % ∀ 

−% 9 #      ∃  
 #−
,.9     ∃   5
    ∃            

/9          #           
∃    
  ∃ 7  ∋     

0 . 9#
∃  ∃    

9 #         
            ∃     
 ∃∃ 
 6Χ>Ν
:38;15+−>2.Ι/3158+ 42.05Χ−.=7/05 :20/5:2+780/.?−838
78Γ88312Γ+808.8:+25:31/1−0/Η:5+=1/0278+53312753:/7538;/02:53
+25Γ+/>215./8727 8:+2 055.7/:20/Η:,2.2+2 8Χ80−0/Η:78 5Γ.23∆200/5:83
8:4218./2481.5,5+/12:2
3:Η )        )  ,    ∋  )7      ∗
(     (    )  ,      7      
(./< ∋ ∗ ∋ ∗ (#&Τ
#;ΒΒΧΗΓΜΗΗ

054≅:?−8,8.4/12+205:0.80/Η: 78+2>.2:5Γ.205:Ι/3/Η:481.5,5+/12:2
?−8  /4,−+38  +53  :/Ι8+83  78  Γ/8:8312.  78  +53  62Γ/12:183  78  +23  ϑ5:23 
481.5,5+/12:23
/ :58;/318 +2 5Γ+/>20/Η:8:+2 055.7/:20/Η: 8:1.8>5Γ/8.:53∆ ?−/8:83
05:9+−∆8: >85>.Κ9/0248:18  2  ,2.1/.  78  3−3  05:−.Γ20/5:83 7845>.Κ9/023< 
7/9=0/+48:18  ,57.Κ:  8312Γ+808.38  054,.54/353  ?−8  38  05:0.818:  8:
200/5:83 292Ι5.78 +53 62Γ/12:183 ?−8 ,5. 0/.0−:312:0/2378 0.80/4/8:15
,5Γ+20/5:2+
3 −3−2+ ?−82 ,2.1/. 78 +2 ,53/0/Η: 5,0/5:2+ ?−88312Γ+808+2 Κ;/42
2.12<  +53  7/Ι8.353  Κ4Γ/153  78  >5Γ/8.:5  8:0−8:1.8:  Χ−31/9/020/Η:  ,2.2
83021/42.  35+−0/5:83  2  ?−/8:83<  0545  62Γ/12:183  78  +23  ϑ5:23
481.5,5+/12:23<  ,2.808:  Ι/Ι/.  8:  −:  18../15./5  :8−1.2+Β  :5  38  ,−878
2.>−48:12.+22−38:0/27805..83,5:32Γ/+/7270−2:75+2+8∆83,.80/328:3−
7818.4/:20/Η:
:  3Α,1/45  +−>2.<  05:3/78.2453  124Γ/Α:  ?−8  78Γ8  9/Χ2.38  8:  +2
5:31/1−0/Η: +2 ,53/Γ/+/727 78 ?−8 8;/312: 9/>−.23 2350/21/Ι23 78 02.Κ018.
481.5,5+/12:5  ?−8  ,8.4/12:  2  +23  0/−72783  8+  7/38Λ5  78  ,+2:83  78
7832..5++5 05:Χ−:153 ?−8 2 3− Ι8ϑ 382: 83,20/53 78 7/Κ+5>5 ,8.42:8:18
8:1.8  +53  38015.83  ,≅Γ+/05<  350/2+  ∆  ,./Ι275  ,2.2  8312Γ+808.  ,5+=1/023
054−:83 8: 7/Ι8.323 4218./230545 38>−./727 ,≅Γ+/02< 487/5 24Γ/8:18<
1.2:3,5.188 /:9.2831.−01−.2+2ϑ5:2 481.5,5+/12:278+
2++8  78  Α;/05<  ,8.5  05:  −:  2+02:08  ∆  Ι/3/Η:  ,2.2  3−  ,+2:820/Η:  ∆
7832..5++5.83,80152+53784Κ398:Η48:53481.5,5+/12:538:8+,2=3
: 5012Ι5 +−>2. 124Γ/Α: 3878Γ805:3/78.2.+2 4218./2 78+ 7832..5++5
481.5,5+/12:505457/31/:122+24218./278238:124/8:153−.Γ2:53
+2  ,./48.2  38  .89/8.8  2  +2  ,+2:820/Η:  78  5Γ.2 ,≅Γ+/02  ∆  +2  ,.83120/Η: 
05:Χ−:12 78 38.Ι/0/53 ,≅Γ+/053Β ∆< 920−+12. 2+ 5:>.835 78+2 :/Η: ,2.2
+8>/3+2.8:7/062 4218./2 8:95.42 05:0−..8:18 05:+535:>.8353 78 +53
312753



7
!878.2+/3458:Α;/05∆+53,.5Γ+8423
350/2+8378+2=3
845./278+./48.!5.57805:3−+12,≅Γ+/02,2.28+7832..5++5481.5,5+/12:5<
Α;/05Π  Κ42.2  78  /,−12753<  54/3/Η:  78  832..5++5  81.5,5+/12:5<  ∀ 
8>/3+21−.2

611,ΠΤΤααα/:8>/5.>4;Τ/:8>/Τ05:18:/753Τ83,2:5+Τ,.8:32Τ5+81/:83Τ5+81/:Τ
54−:/02753Τ3,80/2+83Τ∋∋Τ:8.5Τ0,δ∋&,79 05:3−+1272 8+∋78 Γ./+ 78
∋∋
611,ΠΤΤ83α/ς/,87/25.>Τα/ς/Τ5:2δ81.5,5+/12:2δ78δ+2δ/−727δ78δ
[[;/05
611,ΠΤΤ,7Γ2>85.>815α:87−Τ5:31/1−1/5:3Τ6/+8Τ06/+8614+<  05:3−+1272  8+  ∋
7842∆578∋∋
+2:31.21Α>/0578 832..5++554−:2+2:1/2>5 ∋∋2,=1−+5Π /2>:Η31/05
31.21Α>/05Ε!Φ
611,ΠΤΤ83α/ς/,87/25.>Τα/ς/Τ−8:53δ/.83
611,ΠΤΤααα38:275>5Ι2.Τα8ΓΤ/:18.83Τ05:31/1−0/5:Τ>5Γ/8.:53,6,
05:3−+12728+∋78−:/578∋∋
611,ΠΤΤ83α/ς/,87/25.>Τα/ς/Τ898δ78δ5Γ/8.:5δ78δ+2δ/−727δ78δ−8:53δ/.
83
611,ΠΤΤ/:95+8>4805:>5Ι2.Τ/:95+8>:18.:81Τ2:8;53Τ∋∋∋∋∃
Τ∋Τ18;201614
611,ΠΤΤ83α/ς/,87/25.>Τα/ς/Τ−8Ι2δ5.ς
611,ΠΤΤ83α/ς/,87/25.>Τα/ς/Τ.5:;
611,ΠΤΤααα:∆0>5ΙΤ614+Τ062.18.Τ75α:+5273Τ,79Τ0/1∆062.18.∋∋,79
05:3−+12728+∋78Χ−:/578∋∋
611,ΠΤΤ:∆0>5ΙΤ614+Τ580Τ614+Τ2Γ5−1Τ2Γ5−13614+ 78Χ−:/578
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