Descentralización de facultades financieras a los gobiernos subnacionales. El caso de Alemania
| Autor | Carlos Norberto Valero Flores |
| Cargo | Maestro en Derecho por la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México |
| Páginas | 125-222 |
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7,#∗#&−/∃.−0−(∃,−+,−/∃+∗∃
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3+0132−.∗ /+ /, 6∗./,∗ +∗27/−6/234−+∗? /+ /, 4>−, /, ∗93/2+∗ ∆/./2−,
∆3+−+43− 1−243−,6/+7/ ,−0 7−2/−0 ./ ,∗0 07−.∗0? < /+ /, Ε>/ /Ι307/+
361>/07∗04∗6>+/0/+7∗.∗0,∗0 !ΞΚ.//07−6−+/2−?,∗0!Ξ73/+/+
Ε>/ 4>61,32 ,−0 6306−0 7−2/−0? 3+./1/+.3/+7/6/+7/ ./Κ 0> 7−6−Τ∗?
+Φ6/2∗./≅−937−+7/0? ∆∗27−,/Α−/4∗+5634−<∆3+−+43/2−ϑ−./6Γ0./ 4∗+7−2
4∗+,∗06306∗0./2/4≅∗0∆2/+7/−,−/./2−435+
; 7
1
!∀
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4∗61/7/+43−0/Ι4,>03:−0/Ι12/0−0/+,− /+.−6/+7−,4∗+4>22/+7/0/+
43/27−06−7/23−0 4∗+ /, 8∗93/2+∗ ∆/./2−, 0=? ,−0 ∆−4>,7−./00/.307239>+
/+72//,07−.∗/+72−,∀/./2−435+∃!Ξ∃
−∗+0737>435+?12/430−Ε>/7∗.∗1∗./2./,07−.∗/6−+−./,1>/9,∗?
Ε>//0/1∗./2/0/Η/243.∗ −72−:;0./ ,∗0528−+∗0./1/+.3/+7/0./,∗072/0
∗./2/0Κ/830,−73:∗?Η/4>73:∗.343−,
−/ >+.−6/+7−,?/07−9,/4//+0>=7>,∗ ∀−27=4>,∗ )∃? 2/∆/23.∗− ,−
/./2−435+ !Ξ ,− ∆∗26− ./ 8∗93/2+∗ 2/1>9,34−+∗? ∆/./2−,
./6∗42Γ734∗
ΕΕ!)#ΕΣ2Ο!Κ∀!]2)#
8;[∗∴
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≅8Α % 0
% &
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≅9Α ∋ ∋
∗ ∃ %
/,∗ Ε>/ 0/ ./23:−? Ε>/ ,− ./+∗63+−.− −27− −8+− 0∗6/7/ 7−+7∗ −,
/830,−73:∗4∗6∗ −,Η/4>73:∗ −, ∗2./+∗+0737>43∗+−,ϑ ,∗ 6306∗−1,34− 1−2−
,−0+∗26−0−12∗9−.−01∗2/,/830,−73:∗
/ /07/ −27=4>,∗? 0/ ./23:− /, 123+4313∗ ./ ∀
!∀
0361∗27−+7/0/Τ−,−2?Ε>/,−−27−−8+−−,/6−+−,/∗7∗28−/,6Γ0−,7∗
2−+8∗,/8−, −, 123+4313∗ ∆/./2−73:∗ϑ < ./7/263+−7−693;+,−0 4∗61/7/+43−0
/+72//,07−.∗/./2−,∀4/+72−,∃!Ξ∃
, −2,−6/+7∗ ,/6Γ+? 0/ 4∗61∗+/ ./ .∗0 Γ6−2−0? /, .
∀0−69,/− /./2−,∃ . ∀∗+0/Η∗ /./2−,∃ /0./ /, 1>+7∗ ./
:307−1∗,=734∗4∗+0737>43∗+−,?/,./0,−Γ6−2−Ε>/2/12/0/+7−−,∗0
07−.∗0/./2−.∗0? 0/72−7−./,− Γ6−2−−,7−? 0/6/Η−+7/ −,/+−.∗? /
−47Φ− 4∗+Η>+7−6/+7/ 4∗+ /, . /Ε>3:−,/+7/ − >+− Γ6−2− ./
2/12/0/+7−+7/0∗./31>7−.∗0
, . 73/+/ 72/0 ∆>+43∗+/0 361∗27−+7/0Κ 1236/2∗? −47Φ− 4∗6∗
Γ6−2−2/:30∗2− ./ 7∗.−0,−0 ,/0 ∆/./2−,/0−12∗9−.−01∗2 /, .ϑ
!#
0/8>+.∗? ∗1/2− 4∗6∗ Γ6−2− ./ 2/12/0/+7−435+ 7/2237∗23−,ϑ < 7/24/2∗?
/Η/24/ ,−06306−0 ∆>+43∗+/0 Ε>/ ,−0 Γ6−2−0 −,7−0 ./ ∗72∗0 −2,−6/+7∗0
∆/./2−,/0934−6/2−,/0
− /< >+.−6/+7−,/07−9,/4/ .∗0 6∗.−,3.−./0 ./ 1−273431−435+ ./,
./+ /, 12∗4/0∗ ,/830,−73:∗Κ,− 1236/2−? 4>−+.∗,−0,/0 ∆/./2−,/0
/6373.−0 1∗2 /, . ∗4−03∗+−+ − ,∗0 07−.∗0 /./2−.∗0 4∗07∗0
−.63+3072−73:∗0 −.343∗+−,/0ϑ < ,− 0/8>+.−? 4>−+.∗ ,−0 ,/0 ∆/./2−,/0
0>0737>+ − ,/0 ,∗4−,/0ϑ /+ −69∗0 4−0∗0 73/+/+ /, 4−2Γ47/2 ./
0−+43∗+−.∗2−0? 1>/07∗ Ε>/ 0/ 2/Ε>3/2/ ,− −12∗9−435+ ./, . 1−2−
Ε>/.34≅−0,/01>/.−+/+72−2/+:38∗2./6Γ0?4∗6∗1∗2./7/263+−435+
./ ,− ∗+0737>435+ ,−0 ,/0 ∆/./2−,/0 0∗+ /Η/4>7−.−0 1∗2 ,−0
−.63+3072−43∗+/0./,∗007−.∗0/./2−.∗0?,−0,/06Γ0361∗27−+7/0<4∗+
6−035+ ∆3+−+43/2−1>/./+ 1∗+/2/+ 23/08∗,−−.63+3072−435+./
,∗0!)
47>−,6/+7//+72//,5 )1∗243/+7∗./,−0,/0./,. 0∗+
Β,/0./ −12∗9−435+Χϑ /0./432?≅−+ 2/Ε>/23.∗ ./, −4>/2.∗./, .?
,∗ Ε>/ ,/ .−− ,− Γ6−2− −,7− >+− 82−+ 2/,/:−+43− 37>−435+ .3073+7− 0/
12/0/+7− 4∗+ ,−0 ./+∗63+−.−0 Β,/0 ./ ∗1∗03435+Χϑ/+ /07/ 4−0∗? 03 /,
.0/ ∗1∗+/ −>+− ,/ 4∗+/07−4−2−47/2=0734−?/, .1>/./
3+:−,3.−2/,:/7∗./,. 1∗2,−6306−6−/−Ε>/,,−∗6−+.∗
/+4>/+7−Ε>/,−−473:3.−../,.0/0>07/+7−/+,∗08∗93/2+∗0./,∗0
.3/430;30 !Ξϑ Ε>/.− 4,−2∗ Ε>/ ;07∗0 0∗+ −47∗2/0 361∗27−+7/0 /+ ,−
1∗,=734− ∆/./2−, +7/ /07− 4324>+07−+43−? ,∗0 63+3072∗0Λ12/03./+7/0
∀8∗9/2+−.∗2/0∃./ ,∗0 !Ξ 1>/./+ ≅−4/2 :−,/2 0> 3+∆,>/+43− ./+72∗./,
.
, ./ 0/173/692/./ ))&? /+72−2∗+/+ :38∗2 ,−0+>/:−0 .301∗0343∗+/0
./23:−.−0./,−2/∆∗26−−,0307/6−∆/./2−,−,/6Γ+/≅−4∗+03./2−.∗4∗6∗
,− 6− 2/∆∗26− 4∗+0737>43∗+−, ≅/4≅− ./0./ < 7>:∗ 4∗6∗ ∗9Η/73:∗
6/Η∗2−2,−4−1−43.−.././43035+./,.7−0=4∗6∗./04∗+4/+72−2,−0
4∗61/7/+43−0 ./ ,− /./2−435+ ≅−43− ,∗0 !Ξ ∀07−.∗0 /./2−.∗0∃ +
4∗+0/4>/+43−? ,∗0 !Ξ ≅−+ ∗97/+3.∗ >+− 6−7∗+∗6=− /+ −,8>+−0
6−7/23−0?0∗92/ 7∗.∗/+ ,−1∗,=734−/.>4−73:− −/./2−435+? 1∗20>1−27/?
≅−:307∗2/∆∗2Α−.−00>0−7239>43∗+/0/+6−7/23−−693/+7−,
2/03.>∗0 ∗+ ,− 2/∆∗26− −, 0307/6− ∆/./2−, ./ ))&? 0/ 2/∗28−+3Α5 ,−
./,3637−435+4∗61/7/+43−,./, 07−.∗4/+72−, ,∗007−.∗0 /./2−.∗0ϑ<
4∗6∗2/0>,7−.∗0/ ≅−6/Η∗2−.∗ ,−4−1−43.−../ −47>−435+<././43035+ ./
%−::;;;:&:::0=:29
!∃
−69∗0 52./+/0 ./ 8∗93/2+∗ϑ ./ 38>−, 6−+/2−? ,− 2/∆∗26− − ,− /<
>+.−6/+7−, 12/4305 ,− 4∗22/01∗+./+43− ./ ,−0 2/01∗+0−93,3.−./0
1∗,=734−0
, 6−24∗ ,/8−, Ε>/ ./∆3+/ /, 0307/6− ∆/./2−, −,/6Γ+ /+ ,− :/273/+7/
∆3+−+43/2−?/07Γ3+7/82−.∗./,−6−+/2−038>3/+7/Κ
− /< >+.−6/+7−, ∗ ∗+0737>435+ ,/6−+− ∀,−∃ ./
?2/∆∗26−.−/+))
−/< ./∗61/+0−435+ 3+−+43/2−∀−∗−,∃
./ Η>+3∗ ./ < 0> 1∗07/23∗2 −92∗8−435+ 1∗2 ,− /< ./
∗+73+>−435+ ./, −47∗ ./ ∗,3.−23.−.
∀∀/∃∃Ψ∗−∃./))
−/⊥Ξ%−∃././Η>+3∗./))
8 ∃#5∋(−/∃%≅∃ ∀+#&∗&5%∗∀+∃, 1 ,∃ 0∗#&(∗45%∗2+ 0−%∀/∋−&−+%∗∃#
−+&(−,∃−0−(∃%∗2+,∀##&∃0∀#1,∀#5+∗%∗∋∗∀#
,−27=4>,∗./,−/+.−6/+7−,−,/6−+−?+∗012/0/+7−>+− 037>−435+
0/6/Η−+7/−,−Ε>/ 4∗+73/+//,−27=4>,∗./,−∗+0737>435+∗,=734−./,∗0
07−.∗0 +3.∗0 /Ι34−+∗0ϑ /+ ,∗ Ε>/ 2/01/47− − ,− ./7/263+−435+ ./ ,−
0>12/6−4=−./,− ∗+0737>435+ 12/1∗+./2−+43−0∗92/,−0,/0∆/./2−,/0
Ε>/73/+/+−1,34−435+/+7∗.∗/,7/2237∗23∗./,−/./2−435+,/6−+−
84[)∗)∗∃∴
! )∗ :%
)∗ ∃ %
∗ % ∗%
∃
,12∗4/0∗,/830,−73:∗−,/6Γ+0/./0−22∗,,−/+.∗04Γ6−2−0,/830,−73:−0?/,
.∀1−2,−6/+7∗ +−43∗+−,/,/47∗ ./6∗42Γ734−6/+7/∃ .
∀∗+0/Η∗/./2−,∃?Ε>/0/4∗61∗+/./,∗0 2/12/0/+7−+7/0./,∗0& !Ξ
, ∗+0/Η∗ /./2−, /0 4∗+03./2−.∗ /, 82/63∗ ./ ,∗08∗93/2+∗0 /07−7−,/0 ∗
!Ξ? 1∗2,∗ Ε>/ >+− ,/< ∆/./2−, Ε>/ 7∗Ε>/ ,∗0 3+7/2/0/0 ./ ,∗0 !Ξ?
12/430−./0>4∗+0/+7363/+7∗07∗ /01−2734>,−26/+7/038+3∆34−73:∗1−2−,−0
+1:∋:−( ∋+−Χ3:∋( Κ ∋+3)∋:(∗ 4 ,9(Ψ( ∋
∃44.%%!#
!&
,/02/,−43∗+−.−04∗+,∗0361>/07∗0435+./,−01−273431−43∗+/0
≅−43−,∗0!Ξ+34313∗0
−/ >12/6−8−2−+73Α− /Ι12/0−6/+7/,∗0 ./2/4≅∗0./,∗0>+34313∗0
./ 2/8>,−27∗.∗0 ,∗0 −0>+7∗0 ,∗4−,/0 9−Η∗ 0>12∗13− 2/01∗+0−93,3.−. 07−
8−2−+7=−?0//Ι73/+./ 7−693;+≅−43− ,−0 9−0/0 ./ ,− −>7∗+∗6=− ∆3+−+43/2−
3+/69−28∗? ,∗0 >+34313∗0+∗ /07Γ+ 3+4∗21∗2−.∗0 4∗6∗>+7/24/2 ∗2./+
./8∗93/2+∗?6Γ093/+0∗+4∗+03./2−.∗04∗6∗1−27/./,−−.63+3072−435+./
,∗0!Ξ∗2,∗Ε>/ 2/01/47−−,−0∗9/2−+=− ∆3+−+43/2−./ ,∗0>+34313∗0?
;07∗0 05,∗ 73/+/+ /, ./2/4≅∗ −, 6−+/Η∗ −>75+∗6∗ ./ 0>0 ≅−43/+.−0 /+ ,∗
Ε>/4∗22/01∗+./−0>012∗13∗0361>/07∗0
−0∆−4>,7−./0 1−2− 2/−,3Α−27−2/−0 ./ 8∗93/2+∗ ./+72∗./, 7/2237∗23∗ ./
,∗0!Ξ0/ /∆/47Φ−+? /+0> 6− 9−Η∗ ,−6∗.−,3.−../ 4∗+4>22/+43−
/+72/,−/./2−435+!Ξ?/07−+.∗12/:307−0/+,−/+.−6/+7−,ϑ
05,∗ >+− 1/Ε>/Τ− 1∗2435+ ./ ,−0 7−2/−0 /07−7−,/0 /0 ,,/:−.− − 4−9∗
.32/47−6/+7/1∗2,−/./2−435+
, ./2/4≅∗ ./ −>7∗8∗93/2+∗ ./ ,∗0 >+34313∗0 /07Γ 8−2−+73Α−.∗ 1∗2 ,−
,−ϑ −0=? /, −27=4>,∗ Μ /07−9,/4/ Ε>/ ,−0 ∗+0737>43∗+/0 ./ ,∗0
!Ξ ./9/2Γ+ 0>Η/7−20/ − ,∗0 123+4313∗0 ./ ,− /12/6− ./, 07−.∗
,/6Γ+ϑ < 8−2−+73Α− /+ 0> +>6/2−, ∀∃? ,− −>7∗+∗6=− ∆3+−+43/2− ./ ,∗0
>+34313∗0Ε>/3+4,>+>+−∆>/+7/7239>7−23− ./2/4≅∗./∆3Η−2 ,∗0731∗0
./2/4−>.−435+/+9−0/−0>4−1−43.−./4∗+5634−
8
∴
≅3Α !Ξ %
)∗%
!
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%
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%
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%0 %
!
∗
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∃7 % ∃ % ∋
0 ∗ ∃0
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0 6>< 361∗27−+7/ 7∗6−2 /+ 4∗+03./2−435+? Ε>/ ,− ,−?
12/4/17Φ− /+ ,∗0 −27=4>,∗0 ) < 7−+7∗ ,− 0>12/6−4=− ./ ,− /
>+.−6/+7−,4∗6∗ ,−0./ ,−0 ,/0∆/./2−,/00∗92/ ,−0,/0 ./ ,∗0!Ξ
37>−435+0/6/Η−+7/−,−Ε>/0/12/0/+7−/+/,./2/4≅∗6/Ι34−+∗
∆;[∗∃∴
0
∃ !Ξ ∋
!
∆3[#∴
∗∃∗!Ξ
− / >+.−6/+7−, ,/6−+−? /+>6/2− /Ι12/0−6/+7/ 43/27−0 7−2/−0
2/01∗+0−93,3.−./0 ./ ,− /./2−435+ϑ ,∗ Ε>/ 038+3∆34− Ε>/? 1∗2 /Ι4,>035+?
7∗.−0,−0∆−4>,7−./0./,−/./2−435++∗6/+43∗+−.−0 /+,−∗+0737>435+?,/
4∗22/01∗+./+−,∗0!Ξ>+34313∗00=?,−01∗7/07−./02/03.>−,/0
2/4−/+/+,∗0!Ξ+34313∗0
− ,/ 0>12/6− /07−7> 7−693;+? Ε>/ /, 3+4>61,363/+7∗ 1∗2 1−27/./
,∗0 !Ξ ./ ,−0 .301∗0343∗+/0 4∗+0737>43∗+−,/0 ∗ ./ ,−0 ,/0 ∆/./2−,/0?
2/∆/2/+7/0−0>0./9/2/04∗+,−/./2−435+?0/2Γ 6∗73:∗./2/01∗+0−93,3.−.
∗9,38−.∗ −0> 4>61,363/+7∗ 1∗2 ,− :=− 4∗−473:−? 12/:3− −12∗9−435+ ./,
.
∀%
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∃,%
% .
% ! ∗ % &
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∗
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4>61,363/+7∗./,−0 .301∗0343∗+/0./,−/<>+.−6/+7−,?/0 3+.301/+0−9,/
4∗+∗4/2 /, 4−1=7>,∗ ? 2/,−73:∗ − ,− Β/830,−435+ ./ ,− /./2−435+Χ?
3+7/82−.∗1∗2,∗0−27=4>,∗0)−,Μ?.∗+.//,1236/2∗.//,,∗00/2/∆3/2/−,−
.307239>435+./4∗61/7/+43−0,/830,−73:−0/+72/,−/./2−435+!ΞΚ
6ΕΕ!,Ε∀!ΕΣ2)!)#ΕΣ2
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∃
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!%
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/ ,∗ 12/4/17>−.∗ /+ /, −+7/23∗2 −27=4>,∗? 1∗./6∗0 4∗,/832 Ε>/ ,−
4∗61/7/+43− 2/03.>−, 1−2− ,∗0 !Ξ 0/ /+4>/+72− ,3637−.− 1∗2 ,∗
.301>/07∗/+,−/+.−6/+7−,
61/2∗?/, −27=4>,∗ ./,− /<>+.−6/+7−, /07−9,/4/Ε>/ ,∗0 !Ξ
7−693;+ 1>/./+ ,/830,−2 /+ −,8>+−0 6−7/23−0 /Ι4,>03:−0 ./ ,−/./2−435+?
03/612/−+.∗/07;+−>7∗23Α−.∗01∗2>+−,/ ,∗Ε>/
1∗./6∗0/+7/+./2/07−1∗7/07−.4∗6∗4∗+4>22/+7/
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∃:
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∀
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./:3/+/ ./ ,− /< >+.−6/+7−,? 4∗+42/7−6/+7/ ./ 0> −27=4>,∗ ϑ 03+
/69−28∗? 12/:3/+/ ,− ∆−4>,7−. ./ ,− /./2−435+ 1−2− ,/830,−2 /+ 7−,/0
6−7/23−00
Β #:%ϑ /61/2∗? /07− ∆−4>,7−. 1>/./
2/:/27320/ − ∆−:∗2 ./ ,∗0 !Ξ?4>−+.∗ ,−0 4324>+07−+43−0?− Η>343∗ ./ ,−
/./2−435+?,∗1/2637−+
Χ8[!∴
≅3Α % !Ξ
∃∗∗∗
&
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∋ &
∃ ∋ ∋ &
∋& ∃
0Β
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∃∋ ≅8Α
−!Ξ
−∗+0737>435+ 0/Τ−,−7−693;+? /+0> −27=4>,∗ ? >+ 4−7Γ,∗8∗./∗+4/
82−+./0 7/6−0 /+ ,−0 4>−,/0 ,− /./2−435+ 73/+/ ,− ∆−4>,7−. /Ι4,>03:− ./
,/830,−2? /+72/ /,,∗0 /, 0/Τ−,−.∗ /+ /, +>6/2−, ∀)∃? 2/∆/23.∗ − Β−
4∗∗1/2−435+ ./ ,− /./2−435+ < ,∗0 !ΞΧ ∗.2=−6∗0 /Ε>31−2 /07−
,/830,−435+−>+−,/
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7
9 Β % Ι
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6−7/23−0? ,/ .−+ − ,∗0 !Ξ >+− 82−+ ∆∗27−,/Α− ,/830,−73:−?7−,/0 0∗+ ,∗0
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0>+34313∗0
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!Ξ−1−27/038>−,/0Χ
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. −+&∃∆∃#∋∃(∃,∃−%∀+∀/≅∃7ΦΗ
∗2 Φ,736∗? ,− 2/∆∗26− 4∗+0737>43∗+−, ./, ∆/./2−,306∗ 72−/ 4∗+038∗
7−693;+ :/+7−Η−0 361∗27−+7/0 /+ /, 7/22/+∗./ ,− /4∗+∗6=−? −, :/20/
∆∗27−,/43.−0?/+72/∗72−04∗0−0?,−42/−73:3.−./0∆/2−0
/07−7−,/06Γ0 1/Ε>/Τ−0? 03+ Ε>/Ε>/./ −∆/47−.−1∗2 /,,∗ ,−>+3.−. ./,
/01−43∗Η>2=.34∗
∗∗907−+7/ ,−361∗27−+43−./,−02/∆∗26−0 −,− / >+.−6/+7−,./,
./0/173/692/./ ))&? Ε>/ 3+4,> 6∗.3∆34−43∗+/0 − .301∗0343∗+/0
4∗+0737>43∗+−,/0ϑ 0/ ≅−+ ,,/:−.∗ −4−9∗ −,8>+−0∗72−0? Ε>/ −∆/47−+ /,
−,4−+4/ ./ ,−0 ./+∗63+−.−0 7−2/−0 4∗6>+/0ϑ7;4+34− ./ 4∗∗1/2−435+
## &
#∃ &
#& ;
;%
7=134−./,∆/./2−,306∗−,/6Γ+?Ε>/∆>/3+72∗.>43.−−∆3+−,/0./,−.;4−.−
./ ,∗0 0/0/+7− ./, 1−0−.∗ 038,∗? 12/430−6/+7/ .>2−+7/ /, 1236/2
∗93/2+∗./82−+4∗−,3435+Ε>/≅>9∗/+,/6−+3−./6Γ0./∗72−0Ε>/
0/ 2/∆3/2/+ − ,−0 2/,−43∗+/0 /+72/ ,∗0 !Ξ +34313∗0? 4∗+ /,
12∗15037∗./12∗7/8/2−/07∗0Φ,736∗0?∆2/+7/−4/03∗+/04∗61/7/+43−,/0
Ε>/ +∗ :/+8−+ −4∗61−Τ−.−0 ./ ,∗0 2/4>20∗0 ∆3+−+43/2∗0 1−2− 0>
./0/61/Τ∗&
−1−27/6Γ0361∗27−+7/./,−6∗.3∆34−435+ ./,−/+.−6/+7−,?/0,−
Ε>/ 0/ 2/∆3/2/ − ,−0 4>/073∗+/0 4∗61/7/+43−,/0 /+ >+ 07−.∗
7/2237∗23−,6/+7/./04/+72−,3Α−.∗4∗6∗/, −,/6Γ+?/+72/,−/./2−435+ ,∗0
!Ξ?≅−93/+.∗Ε>/.−.∗−1−2732./,−2/∆∗26− 4∗+0737>43∗+−,./))&./
,−038>3/+7/6−+/2−Κ
∃ −Β∗#,∃%∗2+ −>%,5#∗)∃ 0− ,∃ −0−(∃%∗2+ ≅1 Α⊥Α
62 :
− /./2−435+ ≅− :307∗ 3+42/6/+7−.∗ /, +Φ6/2∗ < ,− 4−,3.−. ./ 0>0
∆−4>,7−./0 ,/830,−73:−0 ./ 4−2Γ47/2 /Ι4,>03:∗? ,−0 4>−,/0? :−,/ ,− 1/+−
4∗6/+7−2? +∗ −∆/47−+ 6− !Ξ
>+34313∗03/+.∗/07−06−7/23−012∗:/+3/+7/0./,−−+738>−,/830,−435+
6−24∗?−,−0Ε>/0//Ι73/+./−≅∗2−,−∆−4>,7−.,/830,−73:−/Ι4,>03:− ./,−
/./2−435+Κ−27=4>,∗ ? 2/,−73:∗ −,2/83072∗< ,−3./+73∆34−435+ ./,−0
1/20∗+−0ϑ) /, −27=4>,∗ −? 0∗92/ ,− 12∗7/4435+ ./, 1−7236∗+3∗
4>,7>2−,−,/6Γ+4∗+72−0>72−+0∆/2/+43−−,/Ι72−+Η/2∗
/,−0 6−7/23−0Ε>/ −+7/0./ ,−2/∆∗26−./ ))&?∆∗26−9−+ 1−27/./ ,−
,/830,−435+ 4∗+4>22/+7/? < Ε>/ 0/ ≅−+ /+82∗0−.∗ −, 4−7−,∗8∗ ./ ,−
,/830,−435+/Ι4,>03:−./ ,−/./2−435+?0∗+Κ /, −27=4>,∗ ?2/01/47∗
Β−, ./2/4≅∗ ./ 7/+/+43− ./ −26−0 < /Ι1,∗03:∗0Χϑ /, −27=4>,∗ ?
2/∆/23.∗− Β,− −7/+435+ − ,∗0 .−6+3∆34−.∗0 1∗2 ,−8>/22−?−,−0 :3>.−0 <
≅>;2∆−+∗0 ./ 8>/22−? < ,− −0307/+43− − ,∗0 −+738>∗0 12303∗+/2∗0 ./
8>/22−Χϑ /, −27=4>,∗ ? 2/,−43∗+−.∗ 4∗+ Β,− 12∗.>4435+
#;!%
∃%(=∀ ∃∀Γ∗1Ι ∗
=
∃ Γ∗1Ι 8
Υ7ς
∃(=!∃!Γ∗1Ι
∃(=%∃!Γ∗1Ι
;
>73,3Α−435+ ./ ,− /+/28=− +>4,/−2 1−2− ∆3+/0 1−4=∆34∗0? −0= 4∗6∗ ,−
4∗+072>4435+ < ∆>+43∗+−63/+7∗ ./ ,−0 3+07−,−43∗+/0 Ε>/ 032:−+ − 7−,/0
∆3+/0ϑ ,− 12∗7/4435+ 4∗+72− ,∗0 1/,382∗0 ./23:−.∗0 ./ ,− ,39/2−435+ ./
/+/28=−+>4,/−2 ∗− 4−>0− ./2−.3−43∗+/0 3∗+3Α−+7/0?< ,− /,363+−435+./
6−7/23−,2−.3−473:∗Χ∗2Φ,736∗?/+/,4−7Γ,∗8∗./,−,/830,−435+/Ι4,>03:−
./ ,− /./2−435+ 0/ ≅− 3+4,>3.∗ >+−+>/:− 6−7/23−? −27=4>,∗ −?
2/∆/2/+7/−Β,−./∆/+0− ∆2/+7/ −1/,382∗0 ./, 7/22∗2306∗3+7/2+−43∗+−,?−
72−:;0./ ,− ∆343+− /./2−,./∗,34=− ./ +:/0738−435+ 2363+−,? /+,∗0
4−0∗0 /+ Ε>/ /Ι307− >+ 1/,382∗ Ε>/ 0/ /Ι73/+.− 6−0 −,,Γ ./ >+ !?
4>−+.∗,− 4∗61/7/+43− ./,−0 −>7∗23.−./0 1∗,343−,/0./>+ ! +∗ 0/−
2/4∗+∗439,/? ∗ /+ Ε>/ −0= ,∗ 0∗,3437/+ ,−0 −>7∗23.−./0 0>1/23∗2/0 ./ >+
!Χ − 6∗.3∆34−435+ ./, −27=4>,∗ ? 72−/2Γ 4∗+038∗ >+− 4,−2−
2/07234435+./ ,− −47>−435+ ./ ,∗0,/830,−.∗2/0 ./ ,∗0 _+./2? Ε>/≅−07−
−+7/0 ./ /07− 2/∆∗26− 1∗.=−+ 2/8>,−2 ./7/263+−.−0 6−7/23−0 Ε>/ −
1−2732 ./ −≅∗2− 7/+.2Γ :/.−.−0? 1∗2 4−/2 ./+72∗ ./, Γ6937∗ ./ ,−
,/830,−435+ /Ι4,>03:− ./ ,− /./2−435+ 7−, /∆/47∗? /, −27=4>,∗ −
12/:;>+2;836/+72−+037∗23∗?/+:327>../,4>−,/,./2/4≅∗Ε>/≅−
.347−.∗ 4∗6∗ ./2/4≅∗ ./>+ !? −+7/0 ./ ,−2/∆∗26− −, −27=4>,∗ ?
038>/03/+.∗ :Γ,3.∗ 4∗6∗ 7−,? 03+1/2Η>343∗ ./ Ε>/ 1>/.− 0/2 0>0737>3.∗
1∗2>+−,/
4 ∃,−Β∗#,∃%∗2+%∀+%5((−+&−≅1ΒΒ62
−6∗.3∆34−435+ ./ ,−/< >+.−6/+7−,? ≅− −∆/47−.∗0>07−+43−,6/+7/ −,
4−7Γ,∗8∗./,−04∗61/7/+43−04∗+4>22/+7/0?12/:307∗/+ /,−27=4>,∗ ?
./ 6−+/2− Ε>/ −,8>+−0 6−7/23−0 ≅−+ 1−0−.∗ − /+82∗0−2 ,−0
4∗61/7/+43−0 /Ι4,>03:−0 ./ ,− /./2−435+ ∗ ./ ,∗0 !Ξ ∗ 93/+ ≅−+
:307∗−61,3−.∗∗ .3:3.3.∗0>∗9Η/7∗ϑ4∗+/,∆3+ ././∆3+32 ∗./,3637−2 4∗+
6Γ012/43035+? /, −,4−+4/./,− 4∗61/7/+43− ./ 4−.−>+− ./,−0 1−27/0
−,/0 6∗.3∆34−43∗+/0 −∆/47−+ − ,∗0 038>3/+7/0 +>6/2−,/0 ./ .34≅∗
−27=4>,∗ϑ1/2∗ 05,∗ 6/2/∆/232; −−Ε>/,,−06−7/23−0./ 6− 2/,/:−+43−
/+,−/4∗+∗6=−./,∗0!Ξ?./−≅=0>361∗27−+43−?1∗2/Η/61,∗Κ
?∗%0ϑ
? Β &:%∀/Ι4,>3.∗ /, ./2/4≅∗ 0∗92/4/+72∗0
./−0307/+43−∃ϑ
? ∗ ∀63+/2=−?3+.>0723−?/+/28=−? −27/0−+=−?
1/Ε>/Τ− 3+.>0723−? 4∗6/243∗? 2;836/+9−+4−23∗ < 9>20Γ73,? 2;836/+
∃ ())+Κ+∆:∗#!;Α∀%
;
./,∗00/8>2∗0Η>2=.34∗Λ123:−.∗0∃?/Ι4,>3.∗/,./2/4≅∗0∗92//,43/22/./
,∗04∗6/243∗0?,∗0/07−9,/4363/+7∗0./2/07−>2−435+? ,−00−,−0./Η>/8∗?
,−0 /Ι≅39343∗+/0 ./ 1/20∗+−0 /+ /01/47Γ4>,∗0? ,−0 ∆/23−0? ,−0
/Ι1∗0343∗+/0
! ∃
&∃ϑ
! ∃
Β &
∃&ϑ
− !∃ ∗ ∃
∗ϑ
) ∗ % ? 3+4,>3.∗0 ,∗0 Ε>/ 0/
∗97/+8−+./−+36−,/0? ∗ %?∗9Η/7∗0
./ +/4/03.−. < 13/+0∗0? −0= 4∗6∗ ,− 12∗7/4435+ ./, 4∗6/243∗ ./
0/63,,−0 1,−+7−0 −82=4∗,−0 ∆∗2/07−,/0? ,− 12∗7/4435+ ./ ,−0 1,−+7−0
4∗+72−/+∆/26/.−./0
∃
1−2− /, 72Γ∆34∗ ./ ,−28∗ 2/4∗223.∗? −0=
4∗6∗,−1/24/1435+435+./7−0−0∗1−8∗01∗2,−>73,3Α−435+./
4−22/7/2−01Φ9,34−01∗2:/≅=4>,∗0−>7∗65:3,/0ϑ
!%ϑ
&!&∗ Β? ,−3+:/0738−435+<
,− 6∗.3∆34−435+ −273∆343−, ./ ,− 3+∆∗26−435+ 8/+;734−? −0= 4∗6∗ ,−0
2/8>,−43∗+/02/,−73:−0−,∗072−01,−+7/0./528−+∗0?7/Η3.∗0,−0Χ
∗ ≅−< Ε>/ ∗,:3.−2? Ε>/ ≅−< Γ6937∗0 6−7/23−,/0 Ε>/ 1∗2 0> 12∗13−
+−7>2−,/Α−≅−+./0/2 2/8>,−.∗01∗2,−/./2−435+4∗+1,/+− ,39/27−.∀−,
38>−,Ε>/0>4/.//+/,7/22/+∗./0>,/830,−435+/Ι4,>03:−∃?./6∗.∗Ε>/
05,∗ 4>−+.∗ ;07−+∗ /07−9,/Α4− +3+8Φ+ 731∗ ./ +∗26−73:− −, 2/01/47∗?
1∗.2Γ+,∗0!Ξ/+72−2−2/8>,−2,∗01∗20=6306∗0
036306∗? ,− 2/∆∗26− ./, −27=4>,∗ ? 0>1∗+/ >+− −61,3−435+./ ,−
4−1−43.−.+∗26−73:− ./,− /./2−435+?/+./7236/+7∗ ./ ,∗0 !Ξ,
,/830,−.∗2 ./ ! 2/Ε>3/2/? 1∗2 7−+7∗? ./ >+− −>7∗23Α−435+ ./ ,−
/./2−435+ 1−2− 1∗./2 0>0737>32 /, ./2/4≅∗ ∆/./2−, −93,37−435+ Ε>/ /,
,/830,−.∗2∆/./2−,4∗+4/./2Γ?/+123+4313∗?05,∗4>−+.∗4∗+03./2/ Ε>/,−
3612/043+.393,3.−. ./ 0> 2/8>,−435+ Ε>/ ./6−+.− /07/ −27=4>,∗ ≅−
./0−1−2/43.∗
∃!∀
;
2−0 ,− 2/∆∗26− 4∗+0737>43∗+−,? ,∗0 /61,/−.∗0 /+ /, 0/2:343∗ 1Φ9,34∗./
,∗0!Ξ?,∗0>+34313∗0
1−0−.∗ − ∆∗26−2 1−27/ ./ ,− 4∗61/7/+43− /Ι4,>03:− ./ ,∗0 !Ξ? −,
Ε>/.−2/Ι4,>3.−/Ι12/0−6/+7/./,−,/830,−435+4∗+4>22/+7/393/+/07/
72−0,−.∗ 4∗61/7/+43−, 73/+/ 0> 2−Α5+ ./ 0/2? ./93.∗ − Ε>/ ,∗0 !Ξ
./.34−+6Γ0 ./, )Ο ./ 0> 12/0>1>/07∗ 7∗7−, − ,−1−273.−./ 1/20∗+−,
∀63/+72−0,− /./2−435+./073+−>+)Ο ./0> 12/0>1>/07∗ 8/+/2−,∃ϑ0/
≅−12/0/+7−.∗>+12∗9,/6−/+72/,∗0!Ξ234∗0!Ξ1∗92/0?−,
42/−2∆>+43∗+−23∗0 1Φ9,34∗0? 3+4,>+.∗Η>/4/0?4∗+ .3∆/2/+7/0 3+82/0∗0ϑ
,∗4>−,≅−6∗73:−.∗42=734−0−/07−1∗,=734−1∗23+/Ε>37−73:−
% ∃,−Β∗#,∃%∗2+0∗)−(Β−+&−0−,∀#?
31 ΧΑ2 ?
+− ./ ,−0 4−2−47/2=0734−0 ./, ∆/./2−,306∗ −,/6Γ+? /+ /, 7/22/+∗
4∗61/7/+43−,?,∗/2−,−/Ι4,>03:3.−. ./,−/./2−435+ ∗./,∗0 !Ξ./
1∗./2 ,/830,−2 /Ι12/0−6/+7/ /+ 43/27−0 6−7/23−0ϑ./ /07− 6−+/2−? ,−
.307239>435+ ./ 4∗61/7/+43−0 /+72/ ,− /./2−435+ < ,∗0 !Ξ
Η>2=.34−6/+7/ +∗ 0/ 1∗.=−+ 72−0,−1−2? 1>/0 .∗+./ /61/Α−9− >+−?
−4−9−9− ,− ∗72− < :34/:/20− 4∗+ 3+./1/+./+43− ./, 731∗ ,/830,−73:∗
∀,/830,−435+ /Ι4,>03:−? 4∗+4>22/+7/? 6−24∗ ∗ 9Γ034−∃ϑ 037>−435+ Ε>/ ≅−
Ε>/.−.∗/+/+72/.34≅∗4∗+ ,−2/∆∗26−4∗+0737>43∗+−, ./))&+7/0./
,−2/∆∗26−?,∗04∗+∆,347∗0+∗26−73:∗0Ε>//:/+7>−,6/+7/1>.3/2−+0>2832
/+72/ ,−0 ,/0 ./ ,− /./2−435+ < ,−0 ./ ,∗0 !Ξ 0/ 2/0∗,:=−+
8/+/2−,6/+7/ 1∗2 6/.3−435+ ./, ? ,∗ Ε>/
6∗73:−9−Ε>/,−12/:3035+4∗+0737>43∗+−,./,−27=4>,∗∀12/:−,/+43−./,
./2/4≅∗ ∆/./2−, 0∗92/ /, ./2/4≅∗ ./, !≅.∗ %∗
!∗Α−1/+−07>:3/2−−,8Φ+6−28/+./−1,34−435+&
07−037>−435+?≅−Ε>/.−.∗0>07−+43−,6/+7/ −,7/2−.−4∗+,−6∗.3∆34−435+
4∗+0737>43∗+−,Ε>/ 3+72∗.>Η∗>+ +>/:∗−1−27−.∗?/,∀∃/+ /,−27=4>,∗
./ ,− /< >+.−6/+7−,ϑ ./+∗63+−.∗ & ./ ,∗0
!Ξ? 1∗2 6/.3∗ ./ ,− 4>−,? /+ ./7/263+−.∗0 4−61∗0 6−7/23−,/0?
/+>6/2−.∗0 /+ /0/ 6306∗ 12/4/17∗? >+− :/Α Ε>/ ,− /./2−435+ ≅−
≅/4≅∗>0∗./0>4∗61/7/+43−,/830,−73:−?0/1>/.//07−9,/4/21∗26/.3∗
./ ,/< ,∗4−, >+− 2/8>,−435+ .3073+7− /0>,7−/+7∗+4/0 1−2−.5Η34∗? Ε>/
1−2−,−2/8>,−435+././7/263+−.∗0Γ6937∗06−7/23−,/00/−+38>−,6/+7/
4∗61/7/+7/0 7−+7∗ ,− /./2−435+ 4∗6∗,∗0 !Ξ? 03+ +3+8Φ+ 731∗ ./
∃∀∀;
∃##%
;!
4∗+.343∗+−63/+7∗12/:3∗?−,6/+∗0 /+,∗ Ε>/0/2/∆3/2/− ,−−12∗9−435+
./ ,− 2/01/473:− +∗26−73:−? Ε>/? /, Φ+34∗ 2/Ε>3037∗ 12/:307∗ /+ /07/
−27=4>,∗?/0 Ε>/ ,−0 ,/0 ∆/./2−,/0/+72/+ /+ :38∗2 Β4∗6∗6=+36∗0/30
6/0/0 ./01>;0 ./ 0> 1>9,34−435+? /+ ,− 6/.3.− /+ Ε>/ +∗ 0/−
./7/263+−.− ∗72− 4∗0−? 4∗+ /, −0/+7363/+7∗ ./,∗+0/Η∗ /./2−,Χ −
2−Α5+ ./ 0/2 ./ /07− 12/:3035+? +∗ /0 ∗72− Ε>/ ./Η−2 >+ 6−28/+
2−Α∗+−9,/./ 73/61∗ − ,∗0 !Ξ 1−2− 4∗+∗4/2 ,− +>/:− 2/8>,−435+
∆/./2−, /+ 0> 4−0∗? 1−2− /,−9∗2−2 0> 4∗22/01∗+.3/+7/ ,/830,−435+
.3:/28/+7/∀−+7/0 ./Ε>/ ,−,/ /+72//+ :38∗2∃ ∗6∗0/1>/./
−12/43−2? /07− +>/:− 4−7/8∗2=− ,/830,−73:−? ,,/:−.− − 0>0 Φ,736−0
4∗+0/4>/+43−0?1>/./.−2,>8−2−>+−037>−435+Ε>/0/1∗.2=−4−,3∆34−2./
−90>2.−ϑ /+ ,− Ε>/ −,7/2+−73:−6/+7/ ,− /./2−435+ < ,∗0 !Ξ 0/
./.34−2−+ ∃ − .347−2 >+− +>/:− 2/8>,−435+ 4∗61,/7− ./ ,−0
6−7/23−012/:307−0/+/07/3+:/2∗0=63,−27=4>,∗∀∃/07−.301∗03435+?
0/,/≅−4−,3∆34−.∗?1∗21−27/./,−.∗4723+− −,/6−+−?4∗6∗Β/∆/47∗13+8Λ
1∗+8Χ
Β+ ,∗0 4−61∗0 ./, −1−27−.∗ −+7/23∗2?/+ ,− 2/,−435+ /+72/ /, ./2/4≅∗
∆/./2−,
/Ι12/0−6/+7//, −27=4>,∗ ∃0./432? /,4237/23∗ ./2/0∗,>435+
./ ,∗0 4∗+∆,347∗0 +∗26−73:∗0 − /07/ 2/01/47∗ +∗ /0
4∗61/7/+43−? 4∗6∗ 0>4/./ Λ0/8Φ+ 1−27/ ./ ,− .∗4723+− 43/+7=∆34−
−,/6−+−Λ?−,−Ε>/6/−.≅3/2∗?/+/,2/07∗./731∗0,/830,−73:∗012/:307∗0
/+,− /< >+.−6/+7−,? +3 /, ./12/:−,/+43− ./, ./2/4≅∗ ∆/./2−,? 4∗6∗
4−92=−./23:−2./>+−,/47>2−−30,−.−./,−27=4>,∗ 5./,./2/4≅∗./,∗0
!Ξ?03+∗ /,7/61∗2−,? ./ 6∗.∗Ε>/ ,− ,/12/:−,/4/0∗92/
,−,/./,∗0!Ξ/72−7−./
>+− 12/:−,/+43− /+ ,− −1,34−435+? +∗ ./ >+− ./2∗8−435+ ./ ,− +∗26−
12/:Γ,3.−//07/ 6∗.∗?03 ,− +∗26−∆/./2−, ∗ ./−,8Φ+ !1∗07/23∗2
∆>/2−? /+ −,8Φ+ 6∗6/+7∗ ./2∗8−.−? 0/2=− ./ −1,34−435+ ,− +∗26−
3+6/.3−7−6/+7/−+7/23∗2?Ε>/ ≅−9=−Ε>/.−.∗ 3+−1,34−.−72−0 ,−/+72−.−
/+:38∗2./,−+∗26−−≅∗2−./2∗8−.−
07−3+72∗.>4435+./,4237/23∗7/61∗2−,./,−/+,−2/0∗,>435+
./ ,∗0 4∗+∆,347∗0 +∗26−73:∗0 0>1∗+/? 1∗2 4∗+038>3/+7/? >+− −>7/+734−
3++∗:−435+./, ∗2./+ ∆/./2−,−,/6Γ+ϑ ,∗ Ε>/ ,/0.−/, 6306∗ 2−+8∗ ./
:−,3./Α− −69−0 +∗26−0 0 ./432? /, 2/∆∗26−.∗24∗+0737>43∗+−,−,/6Γ+
−4/17− −≅∗2− ,− /Ι307/+43− ./ ,− Β4∗61/7/+43− .∗9,/Χ
∀)−/ ∃ϑ −,8∗ Ε>/ 7−+7∗ 1−2− ,− Η>23012>./+43−
∃∃# Α#!
;∀
4∗+0737>43∗+−, 4∗6∗ 1−2− ,− 6− ./,− .∗4723+− 43/+7=∆34− −,/6−+−
Ε>/.−9−/Ι4,>3.∗1∗2 ,−/+.−6/+7−,? .−.−,−361∗0393,3.−../Ε>/
1−2− ,− 2/8>,−435+ ./ >+ 6306∗ Γ6937∗ 6−7/23−, 1>.3/2−+ 0/2
4∗61/7/+7/0 036>,7Γ+/−6/+7/ < 4∗+ /, 6306∗ −,4−+4/ 7−+7∗ /,
,/830,−.∗2∆/./2−,4∗6∗ /, ./ ,∗0 !Ξ 5,∗ ∆−,7− /01/2−2 /, >0∗ Ε>/
≅−8−+./ /07−∆−4>,7−../,/830,−435+ .3:/28/+7/,∗0 −2,−6/+7∗0 ./ ,∗0
!Ξ?−./6Γ0?+∗≅−Ε>/1/2./2./:307−/,≅/4≅∗./Ε>/037−+7∗,−
/./2−435+ 4∗6∗ ,∗0 !Ξ 0∗+ 38>−,6/+7/ 4∗61/7/+7/0 1−2− ,−
2/8>,−435+ ./ >+− ./7/263+−.− 6−7/23−? 7−,037>−435+ .3,> ,−
4>/0735+./,−2/01∗+0−93,3.−.1∗,=734−?7−+7∗./0.//,1>+7∗ ./:307−./
,−−4435+4∗6∗./0.//,./,−∗63035++∗26−73:−ϑ/,−/./2−435+∗
,∗0!Ξ 1∗.2Γ+/04>.−20/ /+ ,−/Ι307/+43−.//0− %
1−2−./∆/+./2,−6/Η∗24−,3.−.>∗1∗27>+3.−.?∗93/+./0>+∗26−73:−?∗
93/+./,−+∗26−73:−./ ,−1−27/4∗+72−23−?4∗+ ,∗Ε>/? ∆3+−,6/+7/?−,∗0
43>.−.−+∗0? 123+431−,/0 ./073+−7−23∗0./ ,−0 +∗26−0? ,/02/0>,7−2− 6><
.3∆=43,./7/263+−2/,−,4−+4/./,−2/01∗+0−93,3.−../>+− ∗./∗72∗0 1∗2
0> −47>−435+ > ∗63035+ϑ 1∗2 ,∗ Ε>/ −,8>+∗0 42=734∗0 4∗6∗ /, ∃
∗&−−?,−≅−+4−,3∆34−.∗./Μ
, 4∗+4/17∗ ./ % 4∗+0737> >+− % ϑ 1>/0
./0./>+ 1>+7∗./ :307− /072347−6/+7/Η>2=.34∗? ,−3./− ./4∗61/7/+43−
0//+4>/+72− /072/4≅−6/+7/ ,38−.− − ,− /Ι4,>03:3.−.ϑ,∗Ε>/ +∗ 0>4/./
/+ /07/ 4−0∗ 6−83+;6∗+∗0? ,∗ Ε>/ 0>4/./2=− 03 /+ >+ 6∗6/+7∗
./7/263+−.∗?7−+7∗ ,−/./2−435+ 4∗6∗ ,∗0 !Ξ 0/:/−+3+0/27∗0 /+
>+12∗4/0∗ 3+4/0−+7/ ./−473:3.−.+∗26−73:−? 4∗+ /, ∆3+./ 2/8>,−2>+−
./7/263+−.− 6−7/23− Ε>/− −69∗0? 1∗2 ,− 2−Α5+ Ε>/ 0/−? ,/0 3+7/2/0/
+∗26−2?03+Ε>/ 0/−1∗039,/Η>2=.34−6/+7/1∗+/2,/ ∆2/+∗ϑ3+4,>0∗ 1∗.2=−
12/0/+7−20/,− 037>−435+./ Ε>/ ,−1∗9,−435+,∗0Η>/4/0 0//+4>/+72/+
4∗+ ,/0 4∗+72−.347∗23−0/+72/ 0= ∀∆/./2−,/0 < ./ ,∗0 _+./2? </+72/
;07∗0∃?4>/,ϑ
Ε>/ 03 93/+ 2/0>,7− −1,34−9,/ ./+72∗ ./ 4−.− ∗2./+ ./ 8∗93/2+∗? +∗
1>/./ ≅−4/20/ /+ Η>230.3443∗+/0 .3∆/2/+7/0ϑ ./ −≅= /, 4−,3∆34−73:∗ ./
.−.∗ 1∗2 /, ∃ ∗ & −− ∗
Φ+34∗9>/+∗./ /07−2/8>,−435+?/0 Ε>/05,∗ /0−1,34−9,/− >+−04>−+7−0
6−7/23−0ϑ,−012/:307−0/,−1−27−.∗∀∃./,−27=4>,∗2/∆∗26−.∗
3/+72−0 Ε>/ /+ /, 4−61∗ ./ ,− ,/830,−435+ 4∗+4>22/+7/ +∗ /Ι307/+
.∗9,/0 4∗61/7/+43−0?./93.∗ − Ε>/ ,− 4∗61/7/+43− ./ ,∗0 !Ξ /07Γ
∃&#∃
∃;#&
;#
0>1/.37−.−−,−4∗61/7/+43−0>1/23∗2 ./,−/./2−435+ϑ/+/,7/22/+∗./
,−,/830,−435+.3:/28/+7/?0=0/.−>+0>1>/07∗./.∗9,/ 4∗61/7/+43−?
Ε>/ 7−+7∗ ,− /./2−435+ 4∗6∗ ,∗0 !Ξ 0/ /+4>/+72−+ ,/83736−.∗0
1−2−2/8>,−2 >+−0/23/ ./6−7/23−0?4∗+ 3+./1/+./+43− ./ Ε>/,−1−27/
4∗+72−23− ≅−≅/4≅∗ >0∗ ∗ +∗ ./ 0> ./2/4≅∗ ./ 4∗61/7/+43− / −≅=
Ε>/?/+,− ? /,/:/+7>−,4∗+∆,347∗ +∗26−73:∗ Ε>/
0/.; /+72/ /, ./2/4≅∗ ∆/./2−, /, ./2/4≅∗ ./ ,∗0 !Ξ 0/ 2/0>/,:/
1∗2/,ϑ/+7−+7∗Ε>//+/,4−0∗./,−
& /+72/ ,− /./2−435+ !Ξϑ /, 4∗+∆,347∗ ./ ,/00/
2/0∗,:/2Γ1∗2/,∀∃Μ)
−, 1−2/4/ Ε>/ ,∗0 ,/830,−.∗2/0 −,/6−+/0 72−7−2∗+ ./ −1,34−2 /+ ,−
42/−435+./,−+∗26−?>+ /0Ε>/6−0/6/Η−+7/ −, ./,∗0 ./,
0307/6−Η>.343−,./,5?Ε>/−636−+/2−./:/2/03+4∗22/47∗?
1∗27−+7∗/07−2/∆∗26−?/+ ,∗ 1−2734>,−2? +∗ 7/+.2Γ 82−+ −1,34−435+ <
7/263+−2Γ1∗20/2>+−.301∗03435+3+/∆34−Α
0 ∃,−Β∗#,∃%∗2+/∃(%∀≅1∀Α2
∗+,−2/∆∗26− 4∗+0737>43∗+−,./))&?/,−27=4>,∗ ./,− ∗+0737>435+
Ε>/ 2/8>,−9− ,−0 .301∗0343∗+/0 6−24∗ ./ ,− /./2−435+
≅#∗&∗∃ .Α ∆>/ ./2∗8−.∗ </+ 4∗+0/4>/+43−? ,−0
6−7/23−0 Ε>/ 2/8>,−9−? −1−2/+7/6/+7/ 3+72−04/+./+7/0? 1−0−2∗+ −
/+82∗0−2 /, 4−7Γ,∗8∗ ./ ,− ,/830,−435+ 4∗+4>22/+7/? 3+4,>
7−693;+? 4∗+ −,8>+−0 /Ι4,>03∗+/0? ,−0 6−7/23−0 0>Η/7−0 − ,− +>/:−
,/830,−435+.3:/28/+7/./,∗0!Ξ
+7/23∗2 − ,− 2/∆∗26−? ,− /< >+.−6/+7−, 1/2637=− − ,− /./2−435+
./7/263+−2,−0,=+/−09Γ034−0./,∗2./+Η>2=.34∗./>+−6−7/23−?./Η−+.∗
>+6−28/+0>∆343/+7/− ,∗0 !Ξ 1−2−./0−22∗,,−2 −Ε>/,,−0 ./−4>/2.∗
4∗+ 0>0 12∗13∗0 3+7/2/0/0 +− 4∗22/47− >73,3Α−435+ ./ ,− ,/830,−435+
6−24∗ /Ι38=−? 1∗2 4∗+038>3/+7/? 7−+7∗ ./ ,− /./2−435+ 4∗6∗ ./ ,∗0
!Ξ? >+− −4737>. 4∗∗1/2−73:− 4∗+07−+7/ 3+0132−.− /+ /, 123+4313∗./
,/−,7−.∆/./2−,≅.Α,∗Ε>/+∗ 03/612/ 0/ 12∗.>4=− Γ0 −,,Γ
./ /07−0 .3∆34>,7−./0 Ε>/ 1∗.2=−6∗0 4−,3∆34−2 ./ 3+0737>43∗+−,/0 ∗
3+7/28>9/2+−6/+7−,/0?/0 ,−1/24/1435+ ./ ,∗043>.−.−+∗0? /+ 4>−+7∗−
,−−7239>435+./,−2/01∗+0−93,3.−.?1∗2,−−.∗1435+./>+−./7/263+−.−
6/.3.−./4−2Γ47/2,/830,−73:∗Μ
&%#;Α∃%
&∃ Α∃∀
;∃
∗03435+ Ε>/ 6/ 1−2/4/ 1∗4∗ 05,3.−? 0∗92/ 7∗.∗03 1/+0−6∗0 Ε>/ 4∗+
/07∗0 −+7/4/./+7/0 0/ 1>.3/2− 1/+0−2 /+ −61,3−2/07− .301∗03435+ /+
−Ε>/,,−0 6−7/23−0 Ε>/ 4∗+0723Τ/+−, ≅−937−+7/ ./ ,∗0 !Ξ − 4>61,32
4∗+>+−∗9,38−435++/4/0−23−1−2−,∗0∗93/2+∗0/./2−,∗./,∗0!Ξ
4∗6∗0∗+,−0 .301∗0343∗+/0∆304−,/0 3+.301/+0−9,/01−2−/, 4>61,363/+7∗
./,−0 1∗,=734−01Φ9,34−0ϑ ,−0./ ∗2./+1Φ9,34∗ϑ −0=4∗6∗1−2−/, 4>3.−.∗
./,6/.3∗−693/+7/ϑ−Φ+4>−+.∗/+/07−/7−1−0//+4>/+72−+/Ι4,>3.−0
.//07−2/∆∗26−
− ∃ ,−Β∗#,∃%∗2+ 4?#∗%∃ .−0−(∃, ≅1 622
:
−2/∆∗26−./,−/+.−6/+7−,./))&?≅−038+3∆34−.∗>+−0>12/035+
./,− ,/830,−435+ 9Γ034− ∆/./2−,ϑ −/07/ 2/01/47∗? 0/ /07−9,/4/ Ε>/ΚΒ−0
7−2/−0 4∗6>+/0 −0= 4∗6∗ ,∗0 ./7−,,/0 ./ ,− 4∗∗2.3+−435+ 0/2Γ+
12/430−.∗06/.3−+7/,/
/./2−,Χ
//07−6−+/2−?,− ∆−4>,7−. ./ ,− /./2−435+ 1−2− 12/430−2 +∗ 05,∗ ,−0
7−2/−0 4∗6>+/0 −Ε>/ 0/ 2/∆3/2/ /, −1−27−.∗ ∀∃ ./, −27=4>,∗ −? 03+∗
3+4,>0∗ ,∗0 ./7−,,/0 ./ ,− 4∗∗2.3+−435+ 4∗+ ,∗0 !Ξ? 0/ :/?
−1−2/+7/6/+7/3+42/6/+7−.− −1−2732./ ,−2/∆∗26−4∗+0737>43∗+−,ϑ 1∗2
,∗Ε>/4∗+,−2/∆∗26−.//07/12/4/17∗<,−./0−1−23435+./,−2/∆/2/+43−
−,∗0 123+4313∗08/+/2−,/0? ,−∆−4>,7−. ./,∗93/2+∗/./2−,+∗ 73/+/1∗2
Ε>/,3637−20/−,/07−9,/4363/+7∗./>+−02/8,−09Γ034−01−2−,−,/830,−435+
./,∗0 _+./2?03+∗ Ε>/1>/./326>4≅∗6Γ0−,,Γ?12/430−+.∗3+4,>0∗,∗0
./7−,,/0./,−4∗∗2.3+−435+/+72/ ,−+∗26−73:−∆/./2−,,−./,∗0 !Ξ?
− ∆3+ ./ 4∗+0/8>32 >+− 2/8>,−435+ 4∗61,/7− ./ ,−6−7/23−/+ 4>/0735+
61/2∗?≅−< Ε>/ 0>92− ,− +>/:− ,/< ∆/./2−,? − Ε>/ 0/ 2/∆3/2/ /,
−27=4>,∗ − ./ ,− ∗+0737>435+ ,/6−+−? 2/Ε>3/2/ 1−2− 1∗./2 0/2
−12∗9−.−?./,9/+/1,Γ437∗./,∗+0/Η∗/./2−,?4∗+,∗ Ε>/,−∆−4>,7−../
,−/./2−435+?1−2−12/430−2,−07−2/−04∗6>+/0?−0=4∗6∗,∗0./7−,,/0./
,− 4∗∗2.3+−435+? 0/ /+4>/+72− −4∗7−.− , ,=637/ +∗26−73:∗ 1−2− ,−
/./2−435+? Η>2=.34∗Λ4∗+0737>43∗+−,6/+7/ 361>/07∗? ≅− ./0−1−2/43.∗?
1/2∗+∗−0=/,12∗4/.36/+7−,?Ε>/./23:−./,−+/4/0−23−4∗+4>22/+43−./
.∗0 :∗,>+7−./0? ,− ./ ,− 3/7− /./2−,? 1∗2 >+ ,−.∗? < ,− ./, ∗+0/Η∗
/./2−,?1∗2/,∗72∗Μ
&∃∀Α∃∃
;&
. ∃ ,−Β∗#,∃%∗2+ −>%,5#∗)∃ 0− ,∀# ?≅1 Α⊥Α
62 ?
− 2/∆∗26− 4∗+0737>43∗+−, ./ ))&? 1/263735− ,∗0 !Ξ 3+42/6/+7−2
0>0 ∆−4>,7−./0 ,/830,−73:−0 /Ι4,>03:−0 /+ 43/27−0 6−7/23−0? 12∗:/+3/+7/0
∆>+.−6/+7−,6/+7/ ./, 4−61∗ ./ ,− ,/830,−435+ 4∗+4>22/+7/? −>+Ε>/
7−693;+?/+−,8>+−6/.3.−?./,−,/830,−435+6−24∗∆/./2−,ϑ./,−04>−,/0
≅−92ΓΕ>/./07−4−2−.∗0.//,,−0?./0./>+1>+7∗./:307−1∗,=734∗4∗6∗
/, /4∗+5634∗ < 0∗43−,Κ 7−, /0 /, 4−0∗ ./, 2;836/+ Η>2=.34∗ ./ ,∗0
∆>+43∗+−23∗0 ./ ,∗0 !Ξ? ,∗0 >+34313∗0 < ∗72−0 4∗21∗2−43∗+/0 ./
./2/4≅∗ 1Φ9,34∗? −0= 4∗6∗ ./,∗0 Η>/4/0? 3+4,>3.− ,− 2/8>,−435+./ 0>
4−22/2−12∗∆/03∗+−,?2/6>+/2−435+< 12/:3035+0∗43−,ϑ< 7−693;+/,./,∗0
123+4313∗0 8/+/2−,/0 ./, 2;836/+ ./ ,− /+0/Τ−+Α− 0>1/23∗2 (>/.− /+
6−+∗0./,−/./2−435+?,−2/8>,−435+./,−44/0∗−,−/.>4−435+0>1/23∗2
4∗+4,>035+?−∆3+./8−2−+73Α−2>+6=+36∗./≅∗6∗8/+/3.−./+7∗.∗
/,7/2237∗23∗ ∆/./2−,0∗92/ ,− 0/,/4435+./,∗0 −,>6+∗0 ,− −.Η>.34−435+
./1,−Α−0ϑ−0=4∗6∗,−2/8>,−435+./,∗07=7>,∗0>+3:/2037−23∗0?,−.>2−435+
6=+36− ./ ,∗0 /07>.3∗0 < /, +3:/,./ 4−,3∆34−435+ /Ι3839,/ 1−2− 1∗./2
82−.>−20/
∗+ ,−0 2/∆∗26−0 − ,− /< >+.−6/+7−,? 0/ 12/0/+7− >+− 3+/:37−9,/
7/+035+/+72//, 123+4313∗./>+3.−. ./,07−.∗∆/./2−,/
7−, 6−+/2−? Ε>/ ,− +/4/03.−. ./ −26∗+3Α−2 −69∗0 123+4313∗0
/072>47>2−.∗2/0 ./, 07−.∗?/Ι38/ −1,34−2 >+− 82−+ 1∗+./2−435+/+ ,−
−.∗1435+./,−06/.3.−0Ε>/ 1>/.−+1/2Η>.34−2 − −,8>+−./ ,−0 1−27/0
∗2Ε>/032/0>,7−1/2∆/47−6/+7/,/8=736∗∆−:∗2/4/2−>+−1−27/∀>+ !
043>.−.−+∗0∃?.3∆=43,6/+7/0/1>/./−4/17−2?1∗24∗+72−?0/1>/.−
1∗+/2 /+ 0/23∗ 23/08∗ ,− /07−93,3.−. ∆3+−+43/2−? /4∗+5634−? 1∗,=734− ∗
0∗43−,./,−∗72−∀/./2−435+∃Μ
Φ5+0−#(∃&∀∀+#−∆∀−0−(∃,
/0>,7− 1∗2 ./6Γ0 3+7/2/0−+7/ 4∗+∗4/2 ,∗0 6∗73:∗0 −.>43.∗0 1∗2 ,∗0
2/∆∗26−.∗2/0 ./ ,− ∗+0737>435+ /./2−,? 4>−+.∗ 4>/073∗+−+ ,−
1−273431−435+ ./, ∗+0/Η∗ /./2−, ≅.Α /+ /, 12∗4/0∗ ,/830,−73:∗ϑ
0/Τ−,−+.∗ Ε>/ /07/ 528−+∗ Ε>/ 2/12/0/+7− − ,∗0 !Ξ? ≅− ,,/8−.∗ −
1−273431−2 /+ ,−−12∗9−435+ ./ 4/24− ./, &) 1∗243/+7∗ ./ 7∗.−0 ,−0 ,/0
∆/./2−,/0ϑΕ>;1/+0−2=−+./,12∗4/0∗,/830,−73:∗6/Ι34−+∗?.∗+.//,/+−.∗
∀∆38>2− 1−2/43.− −, .∃−47Φ− 4∗6∗ Γ6−2−2/:30∗2− /+ 7∗.−0 ,−0
,/0 −12∗9−.−0 1∗2 ,− Γ6−2− ./ 31>7−.∗0? 4∗+ ,− ∆−4>,7−. ./ ≅−4/2
& ∃∃Α&
;;
∗90/2:−43∗+/0− ,−06306−0 /3+4,>0∗ 6−+7/+/2,−0/+ ,− Β4∗+8/,−.∗2−Χ1∗2
73/61∗ 3+./∆3+3.∗ϑ 4∗+ ,− Φ+34− 0−,:/.−. /+ 6−7/23− ./ −12∗9−435+ ./,
2/0>1>/07∗ ./ 82/0∗0./ ,− /./2−435+ 1∗2 0/2 ∆−4>,7−. /Ι4,>03:− ./ ,−
Γ6−2− ./ 31>7−.∗0ϑ 037>−435+ 3+:/20− 0/ 1>/./ 12/0/+7−2 4>−+.∗ ,−
Γ6−2−.//+−.∗2/0−47Φ−4∗6∗Γ6−2−./∗238/+
,−47∗./ 4∗+0/+7363/+7∗ ./, ∗+0/Η∗ /./2−, /+,−−12∗9−435+./ ,−0
,/0 ∆/./2−,/0? 0/ 4∗+∗4/+ 4∗6∗ ,/0 ./ −0/+7363/+7∗
≅Γ−Α6306−0Ε>/∆>/2∗+4∗+4/93.−0∗2383+−23−6/+7/1∗2
/, 4∗+0737>+7/ 4∗6∗ >+− :=− /Ι4/143∗+−, /+ ,− ,−9∗2 ,/830,−73:−? 1∗2
4∗+72−1∗03435+ − ,−0 ,,−6−.−0 ,/0 . / :/7∗ ≅∗−Α? 1/2∗
≅−9=−+,,/8−.∗− 4∗+:/27320//+4−03>+−2/8,−8/+/2−, ∗012∗6∗:/+7/0./
,−2/∆∗26−?0>07/+7−2∗+0>06∗73:∗0?/+,−+/4/03.−../2/>+32>+− 6−
1−2,−6/+7−23− /+ ,− 3/7− /./2−, < /+ /, ∗+0/Η∗ /./2−,? 1−2− 1∗./2
−12∗9−2>+−,/<∆/./2−,?,∗ Ε>/4∗+,,/:−?/+ ∗4−03∗+/0−,−28∗04∗61,/Η∗0
12∗4/0∗0./+/8∗43−435+?< Ε>/3+4,>0∗≅−+./0/2.32363.∗0/+,− ∗63035+
./ /.3−435+ ≅6∗⊥Α 4∗61>/07− ./ >+− 2/12/0/+7−435+
1−237−23− ./ .31>7−.∗0 ∆/./2−,/0 < ./ 2/12/0/+7−+7/0 ./, .? −
1>/27−4/22−.−?/72−0/0∗012∗,3Η∗072−9−Η∗0./+/8∗43−435++∗0/,,/8>/
− +3+8Φ+ −4>/2.∗ ∗ +∗ 0/ −,4−+4/+ ,∗0 4∗612∗630∗00>∆343/+7/0 1−2− .−2
>+−2/01>/07−−./4>−.−<∗1∗27>+−−,12∗9,/6− ∗4>/0735+Ε>/0/72−7−./
0∗,>43∗+−2∗−9∗2.−2
− ,−9∗2 ./ ∗1∗03435+ Ε>/ 1>/./ ,,/8−2 − ./0/61/Τ−2 /, .
∆2/+7/−,−3/7−/./2−,1∗2/+./?−,∗93/2+∗/./2−,?/+/,0>1>/07∗./
Ε>/ ;, ∗ ,∗0 1−273.∗0 Ε>/ 4>/+7/+ 4∗+ 6− .? +∗ 0/
4∗22/01∗+.−+ 4 ∗+ ;, ∗ ,∗0 1−273.∗0 Ε>/ 2/Φ+−+ ,− 6−
/./2−, Ε>/ 1>/./ 038+3∆34−2 >+− ./0+−7>2−,3Α−435+ ./ ,−∆>+435+Ε>/ /,
.73/+/4∗+0737>43∗+−,6/+7/−038+−.−
, ∗+0/Η∗/./2−, ≅− 03.∗ 4∗+4/93.∗ /+ ,− /< >+.−6/+7−, 4∗6∗ /,
528−+∗./2/12/0/+7−435+./,∗0!Ξ?/0./432?4∗6∗−Ε>/,∆∗2∗/+/,Ε>/
,∗0 3+7/2/0/0 ./ 4−.− ! 0/ 1>/./+ ≅−4/2 :−,/2 − +3:/, ∆/./2−,?
9Γ034−6/+7/? .>2−+7/ /, 12∗4/0∗ ./ 7∗6− ./ ./4303∗+/0 ,/830,−73:−0
∆/./2−,/0 61/2∗? 03 Ε>3/+/0 2/12/0/+7−+ − ,∗0 !Ξ /+ /07/ 528−+∗
4∗+0737>43∗+−,? −47Φ−+ 123∗237−23−6/+7/ /+ ∆−:∗2 ./ >+ 1−273.∗ 1∗,=734∗ <
12/7/+./+? /+ 4∗+0/4>/+43−? ≅−4/2 ∗1∗03435+ −, 1−273.∗ ∗ 1−273.∗0
8∗9/2+−+7/0? /+ /, 4∗+Η>+7∗ ./, 07−.∗? /07Γ+? /+ 2/−,3.−.? ./0:327>−+.∗
/0− ∆>+435+ 4∗+0737>43∗+−,6/+7/ −038+−.− 2/∆/23.− 4∗+ −+7/23∗23.−. ,
2/01/47∗ 13/+0∗ Ε>/ /0 3+4∗22/47∗ 72−7−2 ./ 63+363Α−2 −, . /+ /,
12∗4/0∗ ,/830,−73:∗ −,/6Γ+1>/07∗ Ε>/ 7−, 6/.3.−4∗+,,/:− − .3063+>32 /,
%%
0307/6− ∆/./2−,/+ 1/2Η>343∗ ./ Ε>3/+/0 2/12/0/+7−+ Ε>/ 0∗+ ,∗0 07−.∗0
/./2−.∗0∀!Ξ∃Μ
∃ ∃−∆−%5%∗2+ 0−,∃,−Β∗#,∃%∗2+ .−0−(∃,%∀/∀∃0/∗+∗#&(∃%∗2+∋(∀∋∗∃0−
,∀#?3∃(&≅%5,∀Η;7
+ /07/ 4−61∗? 0/ 12/0/+7− 7−693;+ ∗72− 6/.3.− ./ ,3637−435+ − ,−0
∆−4>,7−./0 Ε>/ −+7/23∗2 − ,− 2/∆∗26− ./ ))& ≅−9=−+ ,∗82−.∗ ,∗0
∗93/2+∗0./ ,∗0!Ξ 4∗+ /,−1∗ ./, .?4> 3+7/82−+7/0
7/+=−+ ,− 1∗7/07−. ./ −12∗9−2 ,−0 ,/0 ∆/./2−,/0 Ε>/ 1∗.=−+ 3+43.32
0∗92/ ,∗0 !Ξ? 037>−435+ Ε>/ ,/ .−9− −, 0307/6− ∆/./2−, −,/6Γ+ >+
/Ε>3,3923∗ /+72/ ,− /./2−435+ < ,∗0 07−.∗0 /./2−.∗0ϑ Ε>/ 4∗+ ,−
2/∆∗26−−+7/0 2/∆/23.−0/ ≅−./09−,−+4/−.∗ϑ/07− ≅−03.∗? 1>/0? >+−./
,−0 ∆3+−,3.−./0 9Γ034−0 Ε>/ 0/ ≅−+ 1/20/8>3.∗ 4∗+ ,− 2/∆∗26−
4∗+0737>43∗+−,Κ,3637−2 0>07−+73:−6/+7/ /, +Φ6/2∗./0>1>/07∗0 /+ Ε>/
,−−12∗9−435+./>+−,/2/Ε>3/2//,−0/+7363/+7∗3612/043+.39,/
./, . − /./2−435+? /+ +>6/2∗0∗0 0>1>/07∗0 ≅− 12/7/+.3.∗
3+4,>32/+,− ,/ .301∗0343∗+/02/8>,−.∗2−0 ./,− ∗28−+3Α−435+ /,
12∗4/.363/+7∗−.63+3072−73:∗./,−6−7/23−∗9Η/7∗./2/8>,−435+/+4−.−
4−0∗ 07− 12/7/+035+? ≅− 72−=.∗ 4∗+038∗ ,− +/4/03.−. ./ Ε>/ /0∗0
12∗47∗0 ./ ,/< ≅>93/2−+./ ∗97/+/2 /, 4∗+0/+7363/+7∗ ./, ∗+0/Η∗
/./2−,1−2−0/2:Γ,3.−6/+7/−12∗9−.∗00∗92/,−9−0/./,−7/030∗7/∗2=−
./,− >+3.−. ≅∗∗ Φ∗Α ./,− +∗26− 6−+7/+3.− 1∗2/,
239>+−,∗+0737>43∗+−,/./2−,?/+2/,−435+4∗+,−7∗7−,3.−../,12∗47∗
./ ,/3+ /69−28∗? 6/2/4/ 0/2 ./07−4−.∗ Ε>/ −>+Ε>/ ,− 12/7/+035+
∆>+.−6/+7−, ./ /07− 2/∆∗26− ./, −27=4>,∗ Μ? /0 .3063+>32
+∗7−9,/6/+7/,∗04−0∗0/+Ε>/,−−12∗9−435+./>+−,/3/2/
/, 9/+/1,Γ437∗ ./, ∗+0/Η∗ /./2−,? 0/ 3+72∗.>4/? 4>23∗0−6/+7/? >+
+>/:∗ 0>1>/07∗ /+ Ε>/ 7−, −12∗9−435+ 2/0>,7− +/4/0−23−Κ 4>−+.∗ ,−
/./2−435+12/7/+.− Ε>/0> 2/8>,−435+/+72//+ :38∗2−+7/0 ./,∗00/30
6/0/0 ./0./ 0> 1>9,34−435+ 0/ 12/430−2− /, 4∗+0/+7363/+7∗ ./,
.Μ
4 ∃ −∆−%5%∗2+ 0− ,∃# ,−1−# .−0−(∃,−# ∋∀( ,∀# ? %∀/∀ ∃#5+&∀
∋(∀∋∗∀∀∋∀(−+%∀/∗−+0∃0−,∃−0−(∃%∗2+3∃(&≅%5,∀7Ε;∃;
−,/ ,− 1/+− 0/Τ−,−2 Ε>/ ,− 2/∆∗26− 4∗+0737>43∗+−,? 03 93/+ 0>123635
1−243−,6/+7/ >+− ./ ,−0.301∗0343∗+/0 ./, −27=4>,∗ )−? −1−27−.∗ ∀∃?
&!&Α&
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6−+7>:∗ ,− 1−273431−435+ ./, . 4>−+.∗ 0/ 12/0/+7/ /, 4−0∗ ./
,/0 ∆/./2−,/0 Ε>/ ./+ ,>8−2 − ∗9,38−43∗+/0 ./ ,∗0 !Ξ 1∗2 /,
∗7∗28−63/+7∗ ./ 12/07−43∗+/0 6∗+/7−23−0? 12/07−43∗+/0 /:−,>−9,/0
/4∗+5634−6/+7/ ∗ 12/07−43∗+/0 ./ 0/2:343∗0 /Ε>3:−,/+7/0? ∆2/+7/ −
7/24/2∗0< Ε>/ 0/−+ /Η/4>7−.−0 1∗2 ,∗0 !Ξ 4∗6∗ −0>+7∗0 12∗13∗0∗
1∗2 /+4∗63/+.− ./,− /./2−435+? Ε>/ 361,3Ε>/+4∗07/0 Ε>/ 7/+8−+
Ε>/0/20∗1∗27−.∗01∗2,∗0!ΞΜ&
≅∆Α!∃∋ ∋
0 !Ξ ∋
%−∋ %
∗ 0
∋ ∋
!Ξ∋%.
Γ−05%%∗2+0−,∃#&∃(−∃#%∀/5+−#≅6Α00
+−./,−06−1−43∗+/0./,∗0/+4−28−.∗0./,,/:−2−4−9∗,−
6∗./2+3Α−435+./, ∗2./+∆/./2−,−,/6Γ+?4∗+0307=−/+−2734>,−2/, 6∗.∗./
.3063+>32 ∗ 0>123632 ,−0 ./+∗63+−.−0 Β7−2/−0 4∗6>+/0Χ
≅,∗∃∃%Α ./ ,∗0 −270 − 9 ./ ,− / >12/6−? Ε>/
≅−9=−+03.∗ 3+72∗.>43.−0/+ ,− 2/∆∗26− ./ &? 6/.3−+7/ ,−0 4>−,/0 0/
≅−4=− 1−7/+7/ ,− 3./+73∆34−435+ ./,07−.∗ ∆/./2−, −,/6Γ+ 4∗+ /,6∗./,∗
4∗∗1/2−73:∗./∆/./2−,306∗ 61/2∗?./0./ ≅−4/73/61∗<./6−+/2−4−.−
:/Α 6Γ0 −93/27−? 0/ ≅− 423734−.∗ /07− 7;4+34− ./ 4∗∗1/2−435+ ∆/./2−,
−.>43/+.∗ ,− ∆−,7− ./ 72−+01−2/+43− < ,− 6/Α4,− 1∗4∗ 4,−2− ./
2/01∗+0−93,3.−./0/+72/ ,−/./2−435+ !Ξ Ε>/0>1∗+/? 0/ −∆326−?
12/0/+7−361∗27−+7/0 4−2/+43−0 ./0./ /, 1>+7∗ ./:307−./6∗42Γ734∗ −+7/
,∗043>.−.−+∗0Ε>3/+/0−,./04∗+∗4/2,∗0,=637/0./,∗052./+/0./8∗93/2+∗
/+ ,− −1,34−435+ ./ ,−0 1∗,=734−0 1Φ9,34−0? 0/ /+4>/+72−+ 361/.3.∗0 ./
6−+3∆/07−20/ /+ ,−0 >2+−0 1−2− −12∗9−2 ∗ +∗ − ,−0 −>7∗23.−./0 0>
./0/61/Τ∗ ,,∗ ≅− 6∗73:−.∗ Ε>/? /+ +∗ 1∗4−0 ∗4−03∗+/0? 0/ ≅−
0∗,3437−.∗ 0> 0>12/035+? 1−2734>,−26/+7/ ,−0 ,,−6−.−0 Β7−2/−0 4∗6>+/0
−>7/+734−0Χ./, −27=4>,∗ −? 1∗24∗+03./2−2,−0 /Ι72−Τ−0 −, 0307/6− Η>2=.34∗
/+0>4∗+Η>+7∗Μ
&&Α;
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+∗0 /+4∗+72−6∗0 43/27−0 7−2/−0 4∗+03./2−.−0 ∗9,38−7∗23−0 1−2− /,
∗93/2+∗ /./2−,ϑ 03/+.∗ ,− 6Γ0 361∗27−+7/ ,− Ε>/ 4∗22/01∗+./ − ,−
Β−61,3−435+ 4∗+072>4435+ ./ +>/:∗0 4/+72∗0./ /+0/Τ−+Α− 0>1/23∗2?
3+4,>3.−0,−04,=+34−0>+3:/2037−23−0ΧΛ−+738>∗−1−27−.∗∀∃Λ?0>12363.−./,
−27=4>,∗−≅&∃Α
4∗+:3273;+.∗0/?./ /07/6∗.∗? /+ 4∗61/7/+43−/Ι4,>03:− ./ ,∗0 !Ξ?
,∗4>−,43/27−6/+7/∆∗27−,/4/−,∆/./2−,306∗ϑ
−0−<>.−0∆3+−+43/2−0Ε>/./Η−+ ./1/243932,∗0!Ξ1∗2 ,−0>12/035+
./ ,− 7−2/− 4∗6Φ+ Β−61,3−435+ < +>/:− 4∗+072>4435+ ./ 4/+72∗0 ./
/+0/Τ−+Α− 0>1/23∗2? 3+4,>3.−0 ,−0 4,=+34−0 >+3:/2037−23−0Χ? 0/2Γ+
4∗61/+0−.−0.>2−+7/>+1/23∗.∗72−+037∗23∗2/,−73:−6/+7/−61,3∗∀./
/+/2∗./ )) −, ./ .343/692/ ./ )∃? 1∗2 >+−0 −1∗27−43∗+/0
−+>−,/012∗:/+3/+7/0./,2/0>1>/07∗./,−/./2−435+? ,−04>−,/00/2Γ+
4−,4>,−.−0≅−07−/,./ .343/692/./)? −1−2732./,−6/.3−./,−0
−1∗27−43∗+/0 ∆3+−+43/2−0 ./ ,− /./2−435+ /+ /, 1/23∗.∗ ./ 2/∆/2/+43−
4∗612/+.3.∗ /+72/ ))) < ))Μ? 0/8Φ+ .301∗+/ /, +>/:∗ −27=4>,∗
4−,/04−+73.−./00/2Γ+.307239>3.−0/+72/,∗0 !Ξ?≅−07−/,
./ .343/692/ ./ )? ./,038>3/+7/ 6∗.∗Κ 4∗6∗ 4−+73.−./0 −+>−,/0
∆3Η−0? 4> 4>−+7=− 0/ 4−,4>,−2Γ0/8Φ+ ,− 1−273431−435+ 6/.3−./ 4−.−
!/+/,1/23∗.∗Ε>/:−./)))−))ϑ
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.//07/−27=4>,∗4?.301∗+/Ε>/=!
∃∋∋%.>? 3+72∗.>43;+.∗0/?
.//07/6∗.∗?>+ +>/:∗0>1>/07∗/+Ε>/,−1−273431−435+./,.
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4 ∃(−∃#%∀/5+−#)∀,5+&∃(∗∃#3∃(&≅%5,∀Α74
−−+738>−2/.−4435+./ /07/−27=4>,∗? 0/,3637−9− −12/:/2,−1∗0393,3.−.
./4∗∗1/2−435+ /+ :327>../4∗+:/+3∗ /+72/ ,−/./2−435+< ,∗0 !Ξ
/+,−1,−+3∆34−435+ ./,− /+0/Τ−+Α−</+,− 12∗6∗435+./ 3+0737>43∗+/0<
12∗47∗0 ./ 3+:/0738−435+ 43/+7=∆34− ./ 2/,/:−+43− 0>12−22/83∗+−,ϑ ./
−4>/2.∗ 4∗+ /, +>/:∗ .347−.∗ ./ /07/ −2734>,∗? 0/ −61,=−
4∗+03./2−9,/6/+7/,−1∗0393,3.−../ 4∗,−9∗2−435+ /+72/,− /./2−435+
,∗0!Ξ /+ /,Γ6937∗./,−43/+43−? Ε>/−≅∗2− −9−24−? −./6Γ0./ Β/,
∆∗6/+7∗ ./ ,−0 3+0737>43∗+/0 < 12∗47∗0 ./ 3+:/0738−435+ 43/+7=∆34−?
&&%∀Α%&
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9Λ?7−693;+Β,∗0 12∗47∗0./ 43/+43−/ 3+:/0738−435+/+ ,∗04/+72∗0
.//+0/Τ−+Α−0>1/23∗2ΧΛ−1−27−.∗∀∃Λ?−0=4∗6∗ Β,∗0/.3∆343∗0./073+−.∗0
− ,− 3+:/0738−435+ /+ ,∗0 4/+72∗0 ./ /+0/Τ−+Α− 0>1/23∗2? 3+4,>3.−0,−0
82−+./03+07−,−43∗+/0ΧΛ−1−27−.∗∀∃Λ
/ /07− ∆∗26−? ,− 7∗7−,3.−. ./ ,− 4∗∗1/2−435+ 43/+7=∆34− /+72/ ,−
/./2−435+!Ξ0/≅−:307∗72−0,−.−.−./,Γ6937∗./,−0,,−6−.−0
7−2/−0 4∗6>+/0 % −, ./ ,−0 7−2/−0 4∗6>+/0
ϑ/0./432?−,7/22/+∗./,−4∗,−9∗2−435+:∗,>+7−23−/+:327>../
4∗+:/+3∗?Ε>/ 0/ /+73/+./Ε>/ 4∗+ /0/ 4−693∗ ./ 2;836/+ Η>2=.34∗ 0/
8−+−/+∆,/Ι393,3.−.
−0>0737>435+ ./ ,− 7−2/− 4∗6Φ+ Β1,−+3∆34−435+ ./ ,−/+0/Τ−+Α−Χ?< 0>0
+>6/2∗0−0 6−+3∆/07−43∗+/0? 1∗2 /07− +>/:− 7−2/− 4∗6Φ+ ./
4∗∗1/2−435+:∗,>+7−23−?03 93/+,/ −1∗27− −,∗0 !Ξ?6−
/+ ,− 1∗,=734−0 1Φ9,34−0 < ,− 2/4>1/2−435+ ./ −61,3−0 4∗61/7/+43−0 /+
6−7/23− .//.>4−435+ϑ 73/+/ 4∗6∗4∗+72−1−273.− 6− 4∗07/01−2−
/07∗0?Ε>/4∗+ −+7/23∗23.−.− ,− 2/∆∗26−./ ))& /2−+−0>63.∗0 1∗2 ,−
/./2−435+Μ
Η−,∃%∗∀+−# .∗+∃+%∗−(∃# −+&(− ,∃ −0−(∃%∗2+ ,∀# ? 1 ,∀#
5+∗%∗∋∗∀#31∃#∀%∗∃%∗∀+−#0−/5+∗%∗∋∗∀#
∃ , (−.∀(6∃/∗−+&∀ 0− ,∃ Β∃(∃+&≅∃ 0− ,∃ ∃5&∀+∀/≅∃ ∃0/∗+∗#&(∃&∗)∃
/5+∗%∗∋∃,≅Α∃ )Χ
− 2/∆∗26− 4∗+0737>43∗+−, ./ ))&? 72−Η∗ 4∗+038∗ >+− 6∗.3∆34−435+
361∗27−+7/ /+ ,− 2/,−435+ /+72/ ,− /./2−435+? ,∗0 !Ξ < ,∗0
6>+34313∗0 Λ3+4,>+.∗ − ,−0 −0∗43−43∗+/0 ./ 6>+34313∗0Λ Ε>/? /+
7;263+∗0 8/+/2−,/0? 0/ 1>/./ 4∗+4/932 4∗6∗ ,− 3+7/+435+ ./,
2/∆∗26−.∗2 4∗+0737>43∗+−, ./ 1∗7/+43−2? 1∗2 >+ ,−.∗? ,−−>7∗+∗6=− ./
/07∗0/+7/0,∗4−,/0ϑ2−+73Α−.−/+/, −27=4>,∗Μϑ 1∗2 ∗72∗?,− ./
12/0/2:−2>+Γ6937∗./6− 3+./1/+./+43−./,∗0 !Ξ ∆2/+7/−,−0
3+7/2:/+43∗+/0./,−/./2−435+/+,−07−2/−0./8∗93/2+∗
−, 3++∗:−435+? 0/ 2/∆,/Η− /+ ,− 3+72∗.>4435+ /+ .∗0 12/4/17∗0
4∗+0737>43∗+−,/0?/,−27=4>,∗Μ),∗Μ?./>+−∆2−0/./38>−,
4∗+7/+3.∗?/+:327>../,−4>−,,−∗28−+3Α−435+./ ,−0−>7∗23.−./0Ε>/.−
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>+34313∗0? −4∗61−Τ−.−0 ./ ,∗0 2/4>20∗0 +/4/0−23∗0 1−2− 0>
./0/61/Τ∗+/∆/47∗? /, −27=4>,∗ Μ ./,− / >+.−6/+7−,? 8−2−+73Α−
/Ι1,=437−6/+7/−,∗0>+34313∗0,− &ϑ/0./432?/,
./2/4≅∗./,∗0 >+34313∗0 ,−0−0∗43−43∗+/0./>+34313∗0− 2/8>,−2
9−Η∗ 0>12∗13− 2/01∗+0−93,3.−.? ./+72∗ ./, 6−24∗ Ε>/ /07−9,/Α4−+ ,−0
,/0∀7−+7∗∆/./2−,/04∗6∗./!∃?7∗.∗0−Ε>/,,∗0−0>+7∗012∗13∗0./
,−4∗6>+3.−.,∗4−,ϑ 3+4,>+.∗ /, ./2/4≅∗ − /07−9,/4/2 ,− ∗28−+3Α−435+
./0>−.63+3072−435+,∗4−,≅∀%&5Α3Λ8
−8−2−+7=−./−>7∗+∗6=−−.63+3072−73:−?4∗612/+./ +∗05,∗4∗+7−24∗+
>+− ∆>/+7/ 7239>7−23−? 3+4,>+.∗ /, ./2/4≅∗ ./ ∆3Η−2 ,∗0 731∗0 ./
2/4−>.−435+?./−4>/2.∗4∗+,−4−1−43.−./4∗+5634−./4−.−>+34313∗?
03+∗7/+/2./7/263+−.−4,−2−6/+7/,−09−0/0./,−−>7∗22/01∗+0−93,3.−.
∆3+−+43/2− − ∆>/+7/ ./ 3+82/0∗0./ ,∗0 >+34313∗0? /07Γ 2/12/0/+7−.−
1∗2,−0 72−+0∆/2/+43−0∆3+−+43/2−0 ./,∗0 !Ξ<0/ ∆>+.−6/+7− /+ /,
−27=4>,∗)&≅)%%Α ./,−−27−−8+−ϑ
<12∗:3/+/ ./ 0> 1−273431−435+ /+ ,∗03+82/0∗0 ./, 361>/07∗ 0∗92/ ,−
2/+7−≅/Α? 4−,4>,−.∗/, 361∗27/./ ,−0 2/4−>.−43∗+/0/+
0> 7/2237∗23∗ϑ ./ 38>−, 6−+/2−? ,∗0 >+34313∗0 1−273431−2Γ+ ./ ,∗0
3+82/0∗012∗:/+3/+7/0./, 361>/07∗0∗92/,−0:/+7−0 ≅−Α./
4∗+∆∗263.−. 4∗+ ,−0 4324>+07−+43−0 /4∗+5634−0 ./ 4−.− >+34313∗ϑ
−036306∗ ./ ,∗0 3+82/0∗0 12∗:/+3/+7/0Κ ./, 361>/07∗ 3+6∗93,3−23∗
≅,Α< ./, 361>/07∗ 3+.>0723−, ≅,5%Α −0= 4∗6∗ ,∗0
./23:−.∗0./,∗0361>/07∗0 0∗92/ /, 4∗+0>6∗ ≅6%∗Α ,∗0
8−07∗0 0>+7>−23∗0 ≅∃5Α7 /07∗0 .∗0 Φ,736∗0 1>/./+
4∗22/01∗+./2−,−0−0∗43−43∗+/0∗6−+4∗6>+3.−./0./>+34313∗04∗6∗
,∗ .301∗+/ ,− ,/830,−435+ ./, ! ∗2 0> 1−27/? /, −1−27−.∗ ∀∃ ./,
−27=4>,∗ )& ./ ,− −27− −8+−?/07−9,/4/ Ε>/ ./ ,∗0 3+82/0∗0 7∗7−,/0
12∗:/+3/+7/0./ ,∗0361>/07∗0∆/./2−,/0Ε>/4∗22/01∗+.− −,∗0 !Ξ?
,∗0 >+34313∗0 < ,−0 −0∗43−43∗+/0 ./ >+34313∗0? /+ 0> 4∗+Η>+7∗?
2/43932Γ+4∗6∗1−273431−43∗+/0>+ ./7/263+−.∗ 1∗24/+7−Η/Ε>/ ∆3Η−2Γ ,−
,/830,−435+ ./, ! ∗2 ,∗ ./6Γ0? ,− ,/830,−435+ ./, ! ./7/263+−2Γ
7−693;+/+ Ε>;6/.3.− ,∗0 3+82/0∗012∗:/+3/+7/0 ./,∗0 361>/07∗0 ./,
;(&∀ΓΙ∋∗] 1
9
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>+34313∗0∃
∗+0737>43∗+−,6/+7/? ,∗0 >+34313∗0 < −0∗43−43∗+/0 ./ >+34313∗0?
1/27/+/4/+−,Γ6937∗/4∗+5634∗./,∗0!Ξϑ./−≅=?Ε>/0//+4>/+72/
12∗≅393.∗72−+0∆/2327−2/−01∗26/.3∗./>+−,/+34313∗0
< −0∗43−43∗+/0 ./ >+34313∗0ϑ 4∗+ /,,∗? /, 2/∆∗26−.∗2 4∗+0737>43∗+−,
12/7/+.35 /:37−2 3+Η/2/+43−0 ./,,/830,−.∗2 ∆/./2−, /+ /, Γ6937∗ ./ ,−
−>7∗+∗6=− −.63+3072−73:− 6>+3431−,ϑ ,∗ Ε>/ 0/ 3+7/212/7− 4∗6∗ > +
2/∆∗2Α−63/+7∗ ./ ,− 8−2−+7=−./ ,− −>7∗+∗6=− −.63+3072−73:− ./ /07/
∗2./+ ./8 ∗93/2+∗ ≅1%∗ Ζ∗ ∗
∀%&5Αϑ Ε>/? 4∗6∗ ,∗ ≅− 2/4∗+∗43.∗ /, 12∗13∗
239>+−, ∗+0737>43∗+−, /./2−,? 0>1∗+/ ∆3Η−2 >+ ,=637/ − ,−
.3042/43∗+−,3.−../, ,/830,−.∗2 ∆/./2−,? 4> −47>−435+/07Γ 0∗6/73.− −
>+/Ι−6/+0∗92//,2/01/7∗ −, 123+4313∗ 8/+/2−, Η>2=.34∗Λ4∗+0737>43∗+−,
./12∗1∗243∗+−,3.−.
Α∃#(−.∀(/∃#.∗+∃+%∗−(∃#−+,∃−15+0∃/−+&∃,
−0 2/∆∗26−0 ≅−93.−0 /+ /, 4−61∗ ∆3+−+43/2∗? ∗23/+7−.−0 − ,−
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∆/./2−,? 03+∗ Ε>/ /0 6> 4,−2− /+ 6∗072−2 ,−0 4∗61/7/+43−0 ./ ,∗0 .∗0
52./+/0./8∗93/2+∗ϑ∀/,0307/6−∆/./2−,−,/6Γ+4∗+03./2− −,∗0>+34313∗0
4∗6∗1− 27/./ ,∗0 !Ξ∃ϑ0/Τ−,−24∗+ 12/43035+ ,−0 −7239>43∗+/0 ∆304−,/0?
Ε>/,/0 8−2−+734/+ − ,− /./2−435+ − ,∗0 07−.∗0 ∆/./2−.∗0?,∗02/4>20∗0
∆3+−+43/2∗00>∆343/+7/0 1−2− /, 4>61,363/+7∗ ./ 0>0 −7239>43∗+/0 ,/8−,/0?
./+72∗ ./, /0Ε>/6− ./ ,−0 ∆3+−+Α−0 1Φ9,34−0? ,−12∗13− /<>+.−6/+7−,
./7/263+−4∗+ 12/43035+ ,∗0 0307/6−0 ./ 2/1−27∗ ./ ,−0 1−273431−43∗+/0 ./
,∗03+82/0∗0∆304−,/0∆/./2−,/0?./,−/./2−435+≅−43−,∗0!Ξ
0>0 >+34313∗0? ./ 38>−,6−+/2−12/:; /0Ε>/6−0 ./ 4∗1−273431−435+ ./
0∗,3.−23.−. /+72/ ,− /./2−435+< ,∗0 07−.∗0 ∆/./2−.∗0?/ 3+4,>0∗ /+72/
/07∗0Φ,736∗0
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7/2237∗23∗?.−.∗Ε>/+∗ /Ι307=−+82−+./0 .301−23.−./0/4∗+5634−0 /+72/,∗0
!Ξ 61/2∗? − 1−2732 ./ ,− >+3∆34−435+ −,/6−+−? /, 2/Ε>/2363/+7∗
4∗+0737>43∗+−,./38>−,−2,−04∗+.343∗+/0./:3.− /+72/7∗.∗00>0 ≅−937−+7/0
≅−∗2383+−.∗1/20307/+7/0.;∆34370? 7−+7∗/+,∗0!Ξ4∗6∗ /+/,∗93/2+∗
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≅−07−2/0>,7−∀6−7/23−,6/+7/∃361∗039,/./4>61,32
,/6−+3−0/4−2−47/23Α−1∗27/+/2>+ 0307/6−7239>7−23∗4/+72−,3Α−.∗∗0
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61>/07∗ − ,∗0 /8∗43∗0 ∗4−,/0? Ε>/ 1>/./ 0/2 ∆3Η−.− − +3:/, ,∗4−, 3+
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#
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4∗61−27/+ /+72/ ,∗0 .3073+7∗0 +3:/,/0 ./ 8∗93/2+∗ +3:/, ∆/./2−,? ,∗0
361>/07∗06Γ0361∗27−+7/00∗+,∗03+7/2+∗0?123+431−,6/+7/−Ε>/,,∗00∗92/
/,7−9−4∗?,−8−0∗,3+− −,4∗≅∗,+3:/, !Ξ?,∗06Γ02/,/:−+7/00∗+,∗0
61>/07∗0 −, >7∗6∗7∗2 < − ,− 3Ε>/Α− /7− ∀2/+7−∃ +3:/,6>+3431−,?
−./6Γ0./, 61>/07∗− ,−2∗13/.−.? 0/−1,34−>+61>/07∗ −,∗0 /8∗43∗0
∗4−,/0
+− 4−2−47/2=0734− 1−2734>,−2 ./, 0307/6− 7239>7−23∗−,/6Γ+ /0 Ε>/,−0
∆>/+7/0 6Γ0 361∗27−+7/0 ./ 3+82/0∗0 0∗+4∗61−273.−0 /+72/ ,∗0 .3073+7∗0
52./+/0 ./ 8∗93/2+∗ ∗0 ,,−6−.∗0 Β361>/07∗0 4∗61−273.∗0Χ /07Γ+
∆∗26−.∗01∗2/,61>/07∗−,−,−23∗?−,+82/0∗/20∗+−,
3:3./+.∗0/+7/2/0/0/07∗00/>73,3Α−+1−2−
∆3+−+43−2,∗0 Β8−07∗04∗61−273.∗0Χ ∗20> 1−27/?,∗08∗93/2+∗0 6>+3431−,/0
4/./+ >+− 1∗2435+ ./,61>/07∗ − ,∗0 /8∗43∗0 ∗4−,/0 − ,∗0 !Ξ < −,
∗93/2+∗/./2−,
+ 4>−+7∗ − ,− ∗1−273431−435+ ./ 61>/07∗0 < 2−+0∆/2/+43−0
+7/28>9/2+−6/+7−,/0?,−2/.307239>435+ ./,∗0 Β361>/07∗04∗61−273.∗0Χ 0/
2/−,3Α− 4−,4>,Γ+.∗0/ 361>/07∗ 1∗2 361>/07∗? /+ 9−0/ − >+− ∆526>,−
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./,∗0.3073+7∗0+3:/,/0./8∗93/2+∗
+ ,/6−+3− 0/ 361,/6/+7−+ 7−+7∗ 72−+0∆/2/+43−0 :/2734−,/0 4∗6∗
≅∗23Α∗+7−,/0?1>.3/+.∗0/2 4∗+.343∗+−.−0∗+∗4∗+.343∗+−.−0−0 1236/2−0
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∗1/2−+ /+ >+− 2/. 4∗61,/Η− ./ 4∗∗1/2−435+ 3+7/2 !Ξ +72/ ,−0
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∃07−0Φ,736−00∗+∗7∗28−.−0 −,∗0 !Ξ1−2−
∆3+−+43−2 3+:/203∗+/0 2/83∗+−,/0 < ,∗4−,/0 /+ 43/27−0 Γ2/−0 ./∆3+3.−0
12/:3−6/+7/1∗2,//2.∗0/+72/,−/./2−435+!Ξ
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,∗0 !Ξ 1∗92/0 ./ ,− /./2−435+ 07−0 0/ :∗,:3/2∗+ 6Γ0 2/,/:−+7/0 −
1−2732./,−>+3∆34−435+,/6−+−
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2/83∗+−, ./, Ο ./, 0/ ≅−4/ /+ 9−0/−, 4237/23∗ ∀4237/23∗
2/.307239>73:∗∃
∃
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∗0 ∆∗+.∗0 72−+0∆/23.∗0 − ,∗0 !Ξ − 72−:;0 ./, ∀
ΕΚ ≅−07− >+ Ο ./, /0 >0−.∗ 1−2−
∆3+−+43−2!Ξ1∗92/0
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4∗+Η>+7∗ ./ ,∗0 !Ξ ∗0 1−8∗0 38>−,−.∗2/0 0∗+ 2/−,3Α−.∗0 1∗2 ,∗0
_+./2 4>
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2/−,3Α−.∗0 1∗2 ,∗0 !Ξ ∆3+−+43/2−6/+7/ ∆>/27/0 03/612/ 38>−,−+ ,∗0
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−0 2−+0∆/2/+43−0 >1,/6/+7−23−0ΚΕ>/ 4∗+0737>+ >+−:−23/.−../
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1−2− ∆−:∗2/4/2 − ,−0 2/83∗+/0 6Γ0 1∗92/0 ∀∆3+−+43−2 ,∗0 4∗07∗0 ./ ,
12∗4/0∗./>+3∆34−435+∃
+ 0=+7/030? ,− 123+431−, 4−2−47/2=0734− ./ ,−0 2/,−43∗+/0
3+7/28>9/2+−6/+7−,/0 −,/6−+−0 /0 0> 7/+./+43− 42/43/+7/ − 2/.307239>32
2/4>20∗01−2−−,4−+Α−243/27−>+3∆∗263.−./+72/,∗0!Ξ
−.,−>∗∀+−#Β−+−(∃,−#
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+∗≅−0>4/.3.∗,∗6306∗4∗+,−1∗,=734−7239>7−23−
,3+42/6/+7∗./,−./04/+72−,3Α−435+./,8−07∗0/./23:−123+431−,6/+7/
./,∗0−>6/+7∗0/+,−072−+0∆/2/+43−0∀−1∗27−43∗+/0∆/./2−,/0∃/+ 6/+∗2
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1∗./2 ,/830,−2 /+ 6−7/23− ./,∗0 123+431−,/0 361>/07∗0 8/+/2−.∗0/+ 0>
Η>230.34435+ 7/2237∗23−,ϑ ,∗ Ε>/ ≅−./23:−.∗ /+ >+ 1/20307/+7/ ./0/Ε>3,3923∗
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1−273431−435+./,−0 −>7∗23.−./0,∗4−,/0/+/, 4∗92∗ −.63+3072−435+./,∗0
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