El debido proceso y los migrantes
Autor | Luis Gerardo Rodríguez Lozano |
Cargo | Licenciado en Derecho por la Facultad de Derecho y Criminología de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León |
Páginas | 316-356 |
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61.173()34,/+()≅9(=4∗1.1617∗.=419/),16∗6/)=410(,17(,(2/.01
61 )4 2(9>0∗7/ ,∗−./0(.∗/ 0∗1+1+ =41 991?/.)1 / 9/ 2.Ι70∗7/ 1+ /8)(940(
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3∗7∗1.(+ 0/,8∗Γ+ 1+1 )4 )(81./+>/+ 1)0/ 7(+0./6∗77∗≅+3/:
4+/2/./6(241)=4∗1.1617∗. =414+)0/6(0∗1+1 1961.173()(81./+(
61/40(9∗,∗0/.)42.(2∗/)(81./+>/Π
91)541.Α(2(..1?1.0∗.4+/?∗)∗(+4+∗9/01./9/,2/./6/1+196(−,/61 9/
)(81./+>/7(+)∗)011+ =41 7/6/ +/7∗≅+ /)4,>/)4 2.(2∗/ ?∗)∗≅+ ∗+01.+/ )(8.1
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=413/7/,8∗/6(/./>Α619∗,249)(=413/ 01+∗6(2(.9/ −9(8/9∗Α/7∗≅+:=413/
(89∗−/6(/9())0/6()//)4,∗.7(,2.(,∗)()1+,/01.∗/6161.173()34,/+()/
0./?1)61∗+)0.4,1+0()∗+01.+/7∗(+/91)=410∗1+1+7/.Ι701.?∗+749/+01:2(.1+61
291+/?/9∗61Α1+9()2/>)1)5∗.,/+01)=41)17(,2.(,101+/.1)210/.9()61.173()
34,/+() 7(+01+∗6() 1+ 01;0() ∗+01.+/7∗(+/91) =41 /6=4∗1.1+ 1+ 1)0/ +41?/
21.)2170∗?/ 4+/ ?∗)∗≅+ 61 )42.1,/7>/ )(8.1 19 61.173( ∗+01.+( 1+ /./) 61
)/9?/−4/.6/. 9/ 6∗−+∗6/6 619 )1. 34,/+( 9( /+01.∗(. +( ∗,29∗7/ 19 /)4,∗. 9/
21.6∗6/61)(81./+∗/619())0/6())(9(=411+,/01.∗/6161.173()34,/+()19
7/.Ι701. −/./+0∗)0/1)19 =41 )∗1,2.10∗1+1 2.1?/91+7∗/2(.9(=41 )∗ 19Ι,8∗0(
∗+01.+(0∗1+1 4+/?∗)∗≅+,Ι)2.(0170(./1)19=41)101.,∗+/∗,2(+∗1+6()(8.119
61.173(∗+01.+(9/)421.2()∗7∗≅+619()61.173()34,/+()1+9/7ϑ)2∗61619()
(.61+/,∗1+0()6∗7()1)0/0/91)7(,(?/9(.1)+(1)5(.04∗0/3/)∗6(19.1)490/6(
619/21+10./7∗≅+619/).19/7∗(+1)17(+≅,∗7/)
(.−14)0/,/+01 3/ ,/+∗51)0/6( =41 9/).19/7∗(+1) ∗+01.+/7∗(+/91) 61
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/741.6()17(+≅,∗7()1+0.19())0/6()1)0/).1−9/)619
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+(.,/0∗?∗6/61) ∗+01.+/7∗(+/91) 61 61.173() 34,/+() =41 )(+ −1+1./9,1+01
∗+01.+/7∗(+/91)()2/>)1)/91)0/.(89∗−/6()/74,29∗.1961.173(∗+01.+/7∗(+/9
61 9() 61.173() 34,/+() 2.(?(7/+ =41 9/) .19/7∗(+1) ∗+01.+/7∗(+/91) 1+ 19
,4+6( −9(8/9! ΛΣ)1/ 4+/ 541+01 61 61.173( ∗+01.+( 1+ 9/ ,16∗6/1+=419()
4)0/,/+01(.−1−!∃Γ;∗7(+∗?1.)∗6/6
/7∗(+/940≅+(,/61Γ;∗7(##2∃∋
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1+01+6∗6()7(,(Λ.1−9/)619&
(8.119,∗),( 01,/19,∗),(/40(.∗94)0./79/./,1+019/)7(,291
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,Ι)−/./+0∗)0//0,()51./1+,/01.∗/61 61.173()34,/+()=417(,()124161
?1.!
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7/.Ι701.∗+01.+(1+9/74/9+(01+∗/+61.173(/∗+01.51.∗.(0./)+/7∗(+1))
617∗.7(,(/9−(∗+31.1+01/91)(81./+>/(,()/81,()9/)
9473/)1+7/81Α/6/) 2(. 19)(+ /+619/: 9/ 2.1)∗≅+ 61 9/ 7(,4+∗6/6
∗+01.+/7∗(+/9 61 79/./,1+01 1)0/8917∗6() =41 +( 3/:)(81./+>/=41
?/9−/2/./∋
(,()124161(8)1.?/.1)01+41?(2/./6∗−,/614+∗?1.)/9∗Α/7∗≅+619()
61.173()34,/+() +( 1)04?( 1;1+0( 617(,291
2/.01 61 9()2/>)1)241) 7(+991?/ 1;01+61.9() 61.173() 34,/+()/0(6/) 9/)
21.)(+/) =419/ 6∗−+∗6/661 9/ 21.)(+/34,/+/6181 7(9(7/./ 9/
21.)(+/1+1971+0.(619(.61+/,∗1+0(7(+)0∗047∗(+/9:6∗7(619)0/6(+/7∗≅+Η
21.( 9( =41 01.,∗+≅ )∗1+6( 7.47∗/9 541 19 7/.Ι 701. 61 ∗+01−./7∗≅+ 1+ ,/01.∗/
17(+≅,∗7/ =41 / 9/ 9/.−/ 541 9( =41 21.,∗0∗≅ 9/ ?∗/8∗9∗6/6 61 1)0() +41?()
/741.6() 1+ ,/01.∗/ 61 61.173() 34,/+() 241) 7(,( :/ )48./:≅ (.−1
4)0/,1+019/∗+01−./7∗≅+17(+≅,∗7/.1=4∗.∗≅619//7120/7∗≅+617∗1.0/).1−9/)
619+∗,/) 4+/61 199/):,4:∗,2(.0/+01541 19 .1)210(/9()61.173()
34,/+() =41 /7(.6/.(+ 1++(.,/0∗?/)∗+01.+/7∗(+/91)9()2/>)1)5∗.,/+01) 61
2/70()∗+01.+/7∗(+/91)1+,/01.∗/6161.173()34,/+()617/.Ι701.?∗+749/+01:
61?/9∗61Α(89∗−/0(.∗/
4)0/,/+01(.−1!∃2&
/./ 9() ,∗),() 15170() 61 2.(0177∗≅+ : )/9?/−4/.6/ 61 9() 61.173()
34,/+()1+1)017/,8∗(612/./6∗−,/0/+∗,2(.0/+011)21.0∗+1+01(8)1.?/.=41
9/)5.(+01./)619)0/6(+/7∗≅+0/9:7(,(3/)∗6(619∗+1/6(1+191)0/6(,(61.+(
3/+)∗6( ,(6∗5∗7/6/) ∗1.0/,1+01 =419/ )(81./+>/ 1)0/0/9 0∗1+1 7(,( ./)−(
615∗+∗0(.∗(/9/7∗46/6/+>/2(.4)/.4+/1;2.1)∗≅+61(3+−+1Χ#(1+?/+(
9/5∗9≅)(5/ /++/3.1+60 3/7/9∗5∗7/6( /9/7∗46/6/+>/7(,(Λ1961.173(/01+1.
61.173()Μ41)−1+1./9,1+01 9() ,∗−./+01)1+ )4 7(+6∗7∗≅+?49+1./891)1?1+
1;794∗6() 61 )4) 61.173() 8Ι)∗7() 1+ 9() 2/>)1) 61 /7(−∗6/ () 594
,∗−./0(.∗() 7(+0∗+ϑ/+ 6/+6( 5(.,/ / 9() /)2170() )(7∗(17(+≅,∗7() 61 +41)0.(
0∗1,2(2(.9( =411+19)∗−9(ΟΟ+(1).17(,1+6/8917.∗,∗+/9∗Α/. 9/,∗−./7∗≅+
4+//901.+/0∗?/6∗7/2/./1?∗0/.9/6∗)7.∗,∗+/7∗≅+:9/1;794)∗≅+619(),∗−./+01)
: 6/.91) )(947∗(+1)/)4))∗04/7∗(+1) ,∗−./0(.∗/) 2.(6470(61 9/ 61)1)21./7∗≅+
/+019/) .19/7∗(+1)6197/2∗0/9)10./0/617∗46/6/+()+(.1)∗61+01)7∗46/6/+()
∗+,∗−./+01) 7(,( 9() 99/,/ −+1Χ /9−4+() 61
,1+7∗(+/9/.1241)0/2/./1)0()61)/5>().17/1+41?/,1+011+19)0/6(
)∗,2(.0/+0101+1.2.1)1+01=411951+≅,1+(,∗−./0(.∗( )16181 /8(.6/.
61)619/ 21.)2170∗?/ 61 9() 61.173() 34,/+()/9 )1. 1)01 4+ )170(. )(7∗/9:
6∗7/,1+01?49+1./8911+191+0(.+(1+19 =41)11+741+0./∗+)1.0(:2(.1+61
9() ?419?1 /40(,Ι0∗7/,1+01 1+ )1.∗/ 61)?1+0/ 1+ 9/ 7(,4+∗6/6 6(+61 )1
1+741+0./+.1/9∗Α/+6(4+//70∗?∗6/6 9/8(./92(. 1)(6∗73/2.(891,Ι0∗7/.1=4∗1.1
614+∗,249)()1.∗(:7((.6∗+/6(619()2/>)1)=41)11+741+0./+?∗+749/6()1+
−+1Χ(3+/!∃0!0./6!/.>/(∗)/..∗(
/6.∗6./,/6∗0(.∗/9##%2Π%
.1+60/++/3 1&!!!∃2 41?/ (.∆/.7(4.0 ./71∋Π∋2
∋&
1 3/71 9/ /79/./7∗≅+ 61 =41 9/ ,∗−./7∗≅+ ,(61.+/ 1) 4+ 51+≅,1+( 7(,291
24161∗+?(947./.6∗51.1+01)79/)1)61,∗−./+01)!.154−∗/6()/)∗9/6()∗+,∗−./+01)75./
8.∗99/+01 (8./61 1:9/ 1+3/8∗8() 61.173() 619() (0.() =4∗1+29/+01/ )401)∗)61
,1,8.1)>/ 2(9>0∗7/! Λ(.,1,8.1)>/2(9>0∗7/ =4∗1.( )∗−+∗5∗7/. 9()2.∗+7∗2∗() : 2.Ι70∗7/)
2/./ 9/ ∗+7(.2(./7∗≅+ 61 5(./)01.() : 1;0./+ ∗+,∗−./+01) : .17∗Γ+ ?1+∗6()
.154−∗/6() :/)∗9/6() 1+ 1+0∗6/61) 2(9>0∗7/) 1;∗)01+01)Μ 1+3/8∗8 1:9/ &!
!3∃!!#∃1Χ(.∆/,8.∗6−1+∗?1.)∗0:.1))##2
−+1Χ(3+!2Π%
1)0/ 2.(891,Ι0∗7/241)=416/ 79/.( =4119 51+≅,1+( 619/,∗−./7∗≅+ 618161
?1.)1//,8()9/6()619/5.(+01./=4161)61941−(6161)1./)4+0(614+)(9(
2/>)2/./.1=41.∗. 9//01+7∗≅+619/ 7(,4+∗6/6∗+01.+/7∗(+/9∗+?(947./6/ 1+1)01
51+≅,1+(61,Ι)1)Γ0∗7/,1+0161)1/891=41)1/0∗1+6// 9/,∗−./7∗≅+61)61
1)0/≅20∗7/ 241) )(+ 21.)(+/) =41 7(+ )40./8/ : 1)541.Α( 3/+ 7(+0.∗84∗6(
)(7∗/974904./9:17(+≅,∗7/,1+01/92.(−.1)(619/)+/7∗(+1): )∗/ 0(6( 1)0(
/−.1−/,()=41 9/ ,∗−./7∗≅+ 1) (8 61 7.∗,∗+/9∗Α/7∗≅+ 2(.9/ 61)?1+0/ :
7/.1+7∗/611,2(61./,∗1+0()(7∗/91+9/=41)11+741+0./+/./>Α619/)∗04/7∗≅+
6∗7/ 61 7/.1+7∗/ 61 61.173() =41 −4/.6/+ 1+ 9/) +/7∗(+1) 6(+61 )1
1+741+0./+199(3/71=41)1/0(0/9,1+0121.0∗+1+0119/8(.6/9(),∗−./+01)
61)614+/≅20∗7/6161.173()34,/+()(.?∗.04661199()11)0∗,/=41!
8(.6/.9/,∗−./7∗≅+61)61 1)011+5(=41 3/ )1.?∗6(2/./ 7(+0./..1)0/.9/
21.)2170∗?/619/7.∗,∗+/9∗Α/7∗≅+619/,∗−./7∗≅+=41:/(74..>//,16∗/6()
619/6Γ7/6/619()(731+0/:)1∗+01+)∗5∗7≅0./)9()/01+0/6()01..(.∗)0/)619
61 )120∗1,8 .1 61 ## 1+ 9() )0/6() +∗6() 61 ,Γ.∗7/ )0/
7.∗,∗+/9∗Α/7∗≅+)11;2.1)/1+9/) 91:1):2(9>0∗7/)=41)11+741+0./+1+9/
∗+01.)177∗≅+619/ 91−∗)9/7∗≅+21+/9:9/ 91−∗)9/7∗≅+,∗−./0(.∗/+/ 61)4)
,/+∗51)0/7∗(+1)1) 9/ 40∗9∗Α/7∗≅+ 619 0Γ.,∗+( ,∗−./+01∗91−/9 ,∗),( =41
/01+0/7(+0./9/ 6∗−+∗6/6 34,/+/ :1+ 2/.0∗749/.7(+0./ 19 2.∗+7∗2∗(61
∗−4/96/61)614+ 24+0( 61?∗)0/612(9>0∗7/,∗−./0(.∗/9/ 40∗9∗Α/7∗≅+ 619
/691−/9)∗.?16154+6/,1+0( 2/./=419())0/6() /29∗=41++(.,/)
21+/91)(617/.Ι701.)/+7∗(+/0(.∗(/9/) 21.)(+/),∗−./+01)()4
2.(0177∗≅+ ∗+01.+/7∗(+/9 74:/ )∗04/7∗≅+ ,∗−./0(.∗/ 1) ∗..1−49/. :/ )1/
2(.=41 +( 741+0/+ 7(+ 4+/ /40(.∗Α/7∗≅+ 2/./ ∗+−.1)/. ( 2(.=41 )1
1;716∗1.(+6190∗1,2(2/./1974/91)0/8/+/40(.∗Α/6()/21.,/+171.1+4+
6101.,∗+/6( 2/>)∗+ 1,8/.−(9/ 91−/9∗6/6(∗91−/9∗6/6 +()(+ /0.∗840()
∗+31.1+01)/9/)21.)(+/))∗+(/)4)/70()
42.1,/(.01 614)0∗7∗/619//7∗≅+ 4!! !
∀! !!∀!!!∃
Γ;∗7(#∃2
) 2.17∗)( 7(+)∗61./.=419(),∗−./+01))(+4+ )170(. ∗,2(.0/+01 61 9/
17(+(,>/0/+0(61)4)2/>)1)61(.∗−1+7(,(1+19=4161)1,21Φ/+4+/54+7∗≅+
9/8(./99/,1+0/891,1+019/7.∗,∗+/9∗Α/7∗≅+619/=41)(+(8
619/5.(+01./6(+61)(+?∗)0/))4)+171)∗6/61)7(+∗+6∗51.1+7∗/2(.2/.01619/
)(7∗16/6 9( =41 61)1+7/61+/ /84)() 7(..427∗≅+ : 4+/ )1.∗1 61 7(+6470/)
61)5/?(./891)/ 9/21.)(+/619 ,∗−./+0121.( 1)217>5∗7/,1+0174/+6(3/89/,()
619)41;0./+2(.6101.,∗+/6/)7/4)/)0./+)∗0/+ (0∗1+1+ )494−/.61
.1)∗61+7∗/1+192/>)3/:4+)170(.=41,4:2/.0∗749/.=41)11+741+0./1+541.01
61)?1+0/61=4∗1+1)741+0/+7(+9/ +/7∗(+/9∗6/6,1;∗7/+//91) 7/4)/)=41
9()3/71+)1.6∗51.1+01):2(.1+611+)∗04/7∗≅+5.Ι−∗9.1)2170(/9()61,Ι)−.42()
)(7∗/91) =41 )1 1+741+0./+ 1+ (0./ )∗04/7∗≅+ )(+! 5/90/ 61 6(74,1+0/7∗≅+ =41
/7.16∗01)491−/91)0/+7∗/1+192/>)1+0.Ι+)∗0(Η9/,/.−∗+/7∗≅+Η19 )1.//9/
74904./ ∗6∗(,/ : 61)7(+(7∗,∗1+0( 61 9/ 91−∗)9/7∗≅+ 619 2/>)%Η )4 7/.Ι701. 61
( 7∗1.0(: =416181 =416/.8∗1+ 1)0/8917∗6(1)=411961)7(+(7∗,∗1+0(619,∗−./+01
7(,(21.)(+/1+)∗04/7∗≅+61)5/?(./891=416/7(,2910/,1+011+01+6∗6(2/./197/)(61
9/ .19/7∗≅+Γ;∗7(Τ)0/6() +∗6() =41 )(+ 6() +/7∗(+1) =41 21)1/ −4/.6/. 4+/
?17∗+6/6+(01.,∗+/+2(.1+01+61.)1:7(,2.1+61.)16190(6(21)1/)4?17∗+6/6(,(
)13/1+7/.−/6(61)1Φ/9/.9(615(.,/+(0/891:21+10./+014+1)046∗()(611)0/.19/7∗≅+
9/+∗6∗+−!Λ.(8/891,1+011++∗+−ϑ+94−/.619,4+6(?∗?/+9/6(/9/6(6()2/>)1)0/+
6∗51.1+01) 7(,(Γ;∗7( :)0/6( +∗6()97.4Α/. 9/5.(+01./ 6∗−/,()61 9/)( /
∗46/6 4Ι.1Α 19 7(+0. /)01 1) ∗,2(+1+01! 61 .∗=41Α/ / 2(8.1Α/ 61 (.−/+∗Α/7∗≅+ /
∗,2.(?∗)/7∗≅+61)/8(.1)/.0∗5∗7∗/91)/1)217∗1)2∗7/+01)1.(9/)6∗51.1+7∗/)5>)∗7/))(+
,1+()∗,2(.0/+01).(8/891,1+011++∗+−ϑ+94−/.619,4+6(6()?17∗+())11+0∗1+6/+
0/+2(7(Ι)=412(.+∗?191)6161)/..(99(9()6()2/>)1)1)0Ι+)12/./6()2(.91+−4/
.19∗−∗≅+ ./Α/ 5∗9()(5>/ 1 3∗)0(.∗/ )0/6() +∗6() 1) 4+/ +/7∗≅+ =41 /21+/) 741+0/
6()7∗1+0()/Φ() :1)0/:/)(8.119)∗−9( ΟΟΓ;∗7(0∗1+1?/.∗(),∗91)61/Φ() :)∗−41
)42/)/6(+9()ϑ90∗,()%#/Φ()Γ;∗7(/2(6∗6(7(+(71.:)1+0∗.192(61.>(
1)0/6(4+∗61+)1!1+19)∗−9(ΟΟ21.6∗≅9/,∗0/661)401..∗0(.∗(/,/+()61)4?17∗+(619
+(.01Η 1+ 19 )∗−9( ΟΟ)13/ ?4190( 6121+6∗1+01 1+ 0Γ.,∗+() 17(+≅,∗7()61)0/6()
+∗6()Μ∗6∗+−9/+!!5!!6∃Ρ16∗7∗≅+Γ;∗7(
(/=4>+(.0∗Α##&2
(.(0./ 2/.01 : 1+ .19/7∗≅+ / 9( /+01.∗(. 19 .(−./,/ 61 /7∗(+1) +∗6/) 2/./ 19
1)/..(99(1+197∗1..1#%61)42.(−./,/7(+1+0./+)∗0(1)0/8917∗≅
2/./ 19 7/)( 61 Γ;∗7( 9( )∗−4∗1+01! ΛΓ;∗7( 1) 4+ 2/>) =41 741+0/ 7(+ 4+ −./+
6∗+/,∗),(1+,/01.∗/61,∗−./7∗≅+618∗6(/9/71.7/+>/=410∗1+17(+)0/6()+∗6()61
,Γ.∗7/ 61)0∗+(61 ,473/) 21.)(+/) =41 6∗/.∗/,1+01 /..∗1)−/+ )4 ?∗6/ 2/./ 991−/.
1−ϑ+ 6/0() 619 +)0∗040( /7∗(+/9 61 ∗−./7∗≅+ 9/) : 9() ,∗−./+01) 2.(?∗1+1+
2.∗+7∗2/9,1+01 61 2/>)1) 7(,( 4/01,/9/ (+64./) : 19 /9?/6(. 1+0.1 9() ,Ι)
∗+7(−+∗0(241)+(0∗1+14+6(,∗7∗9∗(1+01.,∗+()6161.173(1+1974/9)12416/+
.17∗8∗. +(0∗5∗7/7∗(+1) 2(. 2/.01 61 9 / /40(.∗6/6 : 2(. 9( 0/+0( 19 ,∗16( / )1.
61)748∗1.0(2(.9//40(.∗6/661,∗−./7∗≅+0(6/?1Α=4119)4
7(+5∗/+Α/1+9/)/40(.∗6/61)/901,1.)1.612(.0/6( 2(.199/)/+014+/1?1+04/9
6101+7∗≅+1+4+/1)0/7∗≅+,∗−./0(.∗//4+/6(/9()/84)()2/.0∗749/.1)74/+6(19
)4)42/>)!.∗1)−(1+9/∗+01−.∗6/621.)(+/9)1−4.∗6/69∗81.0/6
7(+6∗7∗(+1)61?∗/:17(+(,>/0(6()1)0()5/70(.1))4191+/−./?/.)174/+6(
1)0/,() 3/89/+6( 61 ,4 +∗Φ()/6(9171+01)∗+6>−1+/):21.)(+/)619/
01.71./16/6=41)1?419?1+5Ι7∗9?∗70∗,/61619∗0() 2(.9/)7/.1+7∗/7(+9/)=41
?∗/+ 7(,( 1) 4)4/9 1+ 1)017/)(9/5/90/616(74,1+0())0( )1 7(..(8(./
5Ι7∗9,1+012(.9()7(+)0/+01)/84)() 2(.2/.016197.∗,1+ (.−/+∗Α/6(:/=41 9/
619∗+741+7∗/ 3/ ?∗)0( 1+ 9() ,∗−./+01) 4+/ 841+/ 541+01 61 ∗+−.1)()2/./)4)
/70∗?∗6/61)∗9>7∗0/) =41)4191+7/+/9∗Α/.2(./70∗?∗6/61)7(,(19 )1741)0.(0./0/
61 21.)(+/) 1;0(.7∗≅+ 1;29(0/7∗≅+ : 0./5∗7( 61 ,∗./+01) 1 5(.,/ =41 )1
1)71+∗5∗7/4+/7(+)0/+01?∗(9/7∗≅+/9()61.173()34,/+()1+4+/61)/5(.04+/6/
7(+0./6∗77∗≅+/9() 7(,2.(,∗)()∗+01.+/7∗(+/91)=413/+ )4)7.∗0(9() 2/>)1)1+
,/01.∗/6161.173()34,/+()241)0(=419(7(..170()1.>//01+61.9()61.173()
34,/+() 61 9() ,∗−./+01) 7(,( 4+/ (89∗−/7∗≅+ 61 ,/+1./ ∗−4/9∗0/.∗/ 1+0.1
+/7∗(+/91) : 1;0./+
61)/5(.04+/6/,1+011)0().1)490/+=416/.1+9/∗,24+∗6/6
∗,2(.0/+01)Η )∗+1,8/.−( 1+ 9() ϑ90∗,() /Φ() 9() ,∗−./+01) )13/+ ?4190( 4+ −.42(
?49+1./891 2/./ 9/) 8/+6/) 619 7.∗,1+ (.−/+∗Α/6( =41 3/+ 1+7(+0./6( 9/ 5(.,/ 61
(801+1.6∗+1.(/ 7()0/61199()Μ9 ,∗),(2.(−./,/61 /7∗(+1)+∗6/)1)0/891719()
(8
)1−4.∗6/6 34,/+/ 61 9() ,∗−./+01) 1+ 0./+)∗0( / 0./?Γ) 619 5(.0/917∗,∗1+0( 61 9/)
7/2/7∗6/61) 61 9/) ∗+)0∗047∗(+1) −481.+/,1+0/91) : 61 9/ )(7∗16/6 7∗?∗9 : .1/.
31../,∗1+0/)2/./19 0./8/619/2.(0177∗≅+611)01−.42(?49+1./891:
−1+1./.7/,8∗())∗−+∗5∗7/0∗?()/)(7∗/6()/9/)?49+1./8∗9∗6/61)=411+5.1+0/+1+192/)(
2(.01..∗0(.∗(,1;∗7/+(Μ.(−./,/(+1+0.Ι+)∗0(∗)2(+∗891
1+!
3002!∀∀ΧΧΧ,;4+62(.−∀7(+01+0∀,1;∗7(∀1)∀3(,1∀(21./0∗(+)∀2.(
(:(/95(.0/917∗,∗1+0(61∗+)0∗047∗(+1)−481.+/,1+0/91):61930,9
)01 0∗2(61)∗04/7∗(+1) 0/+9/,1+0/891) 1+,/01.∗/61 2.(0177∗≅+61 9()
61.173() 34,/+() ∗,29∗7/+ 9/ +171)∗6/6 61 5(.0/9171. 9/ 2.(,(7∗≅+ 61 9()
61.173()34,/+():7∗1.0/,1+0161,/+1./,4:1)217∗/919/771)(/ 9/
2/./ 04019/. 9()61.173()619/)21.)(+/)1;0./+0/9 7(,( 9( 3/71 ?1. 9/
./0∗5∗7/7∗≅+2(.2/.01619−(8∗1.+(,1;∗7/+(619/(+?1+7∗≅++01.+/7∗(+/9)(8.1
9/ .(0177∗≅+ 61 9() 1.173() 61 0(6() 9() ./8/6(.1) ∗−./0(.∗() : )4)
/,∗9∗/.1)1+19/Φ(61∋∋#0/,8∗Γ+)161)0/7/9/(+?1+7∗≅+61∋%)(8.119
)0/040(619()154−∗/6()619/Φ(###:9/1:1+1./961(89/7∗≅+61,Ι)
+()1 24161 2/)/. 2(. /90( 4+ 6/0(,4: ∗,2(.0/+01 1+,/01.∗/ 61 61.173()
34,/+()=41?∗+(/−1+1./.4+541.01∗,2/70(1+195(.(6∗7(,1;∗7/+(2(.9/)
∗,29∗7/7∗(+1)=4104?(9//2.(8/7∗≅+614+/.15(.,/=417(+01,29≅ 192.∗+7∗2∗(
:197(+0.(9617(+?1+7∗(+/9∗6/6619()0./0/6()∗+01.+/7∗(+/91)!
Σ9/.15(.,/7(+)0∗047∗(+/91+,/01.∗/6161.173()34,/+()2489∗7/6/1+
19∗/.∗(5∗7∗/9619/ 161./7∗≅+19 #61#1)0/89171=419/
9()0./0/6()∗+01.+/7∗(+/91)61
9()=41Γ;∗7(1)2/.01:/+(1).191?/+012/./617∗6∗.=4Γ+(.,/6181)1.
/29∗7/6/1+,/01.∗/61 61.173()34,/+() 9 7.∗01.∗(=412.1?/91712/./
)19177∗(+/.9/+(.,//29∗7/8911+6101.,∗+/6/)∗04/7∗≅+1)19,/:(.−./6(
61 2.(0177∗≅+=41 8.∗+6// 9/21.)(+/:)4) 61.173()9(=41)1 7(+(71
7(,( 2.∗+7∗2∗( 2.( 21.)(+/ 61,Ι) 19 (61. 46∗7∗/9 1+ 0(6() )4)
≅.61+1)618114+7(+0.(9617(+)0∗047∗(+/9∗6/6)∗+(
0/,8∗Γ+4+7(+0.(9617(+?1+7∗(+/9∗6/6∃
)01 7/,8∗( 1+ 9/ (+)0∗047∗≅+ 91 2.(2(.7∗(+≅ +41?() : .1+(?/6()
2/./,10.() 61∗+01.2.10/7∗≅+7(+)0∗047∗(+/9 /9(+6119 61.173()1 ?1
81+15∗7∗/6(7(+19.(9=411961.173(+/04./961)1,21Φ/3(:6>/1+9/
7(+)0∗047∗(+/92.∗+7∗2/9,1+011)0( )1/2.17∗/1+19 7/.Ι701.7.1/0∗?(=41 −4/.6/
3(: 9/∗+01.2.10/7∗≅+ 1+ 1)0/ 10/2/ 7(+(7∗6/7(,( 19 )0/6( (+)0∗047∗(+/9/9
21.,∗0∗./29∗7/.9/ +(.,/∗+01.+/7∗(+/9=41∗,29∗=414+/ ,/:(.2.(0177∗≅+ 1+9()
4!! !∀! !
!∀!!!∃!∃2
61.173()619)42(.1+7∗,/619/+(.,/9(7/90/91)197/)(619(),∗−./+01)
=417(,(7(+)1741+7∗/611)0()+41?()7/+(+1)∗+01.2.10/0∗?())1741+0/7(+
7∗1.0()2.17161+01)∗,2(.0/+01)1+,/01.∗/6161.173()34,/+()=41+()3/71+
21+)/.1+9/2()∗8∗9∗6/661(0(.−/.91/9,∗−./+014+,/:(.:,Ι)291+(/771)(/9/
:/=4161)/5(.04+/6/,1+012.1?∗( / 9/.15(.,/+()17(+0/8/7(+1)01
∗,2(.0/+01∗,249)(=41+()8.∗+6/192(61.
+9()ϑ90∗,()/Φ()0/,8∗Γ+)13/+19/8(./6(91−∗)9/7∗(+1)∗,2(.0/+01)1+
,/01.∗/ 61 ,∗−./7∗≅+ =41 ?∗1+1+ / 7(+7161.91 4+ ∗,249)( / 9/ 21.)(+/ 619
,∗−./+010/9 1)197/)(619/1:61∗−./7∗≅+=419(−./)1. 2489∗7/6/19 %61
,/:(61#6(+61)191616∗7//01+7∗≅+/9(),∗−./+01/96(0/.9()6161.173()
7(+9()=41+(7(+0/8/1+192/)/6(9()1;0./+2(.1
9/)/946 :9/ 1647/7∗≅+(.(0./2/.01 6181/8(.6/.)10/,8∗Γ+4+/)2170(,4:
1)1+7∗/9 7(,( 19 61.173( 54+6/,1+0/9 619 ,∗−./+01 =41 1) 19 7(+0/. 7(+ 19
2.∗+7∗2∗( 619 618∗6( 2.(71)( : 9/ (2(.04+∗6/6 61 ∗+−.1)/. =41) /+01 9/)
7(,∗)∗(+1)6161.173()34,/+()01,/)619()=413/89/.1,(),Ι)/619/+011+
,/:(.2.(54+6∗6/6
, ∗!−& ∗+∃ (∋ −.!∀ )∗#%&∃! / − %∀! ∗+∃ ∀% &%! (∋ (% 0∀
∗∃!%∃& ∗∀∃&∋
9 /7.16∗0/6( 2.(−./,/ 61 /7∗(+1) +∗6/) 7(+(7∗6( 7(+ 19 +(,8.1 61
.(−./,/61/7∗(+1) +∗6/) 2/./ 19 1)/..(99( 1)0/89171 1+ )4∗+5(.,1 61
#4+/7∗5.//9/.,/+01=411+197/)(619/),∗−./7∗(+1)/+∗?19∗+01.+/7∗(+/9
9/ 7∗5./ )(8.12/)/ 19 +4,1.( 61 ,∗99(+1) 61 21.)(+/) 61 9/) =41 4+/
7/+0∗6/6=41.(+6/ 9() # ,∗99(+1) )1 1+741+0./1+ 4+/ ,∗−./7∗≅+ ∗91−/9 2(.
7/.171.616(74,1+0()(5∗7∗/91)=41/7.16∗01+)4 1)0/+7∗/615(.,/ 91−/91+4+
2/>)6∗51.1+01/961)4(.∗−1+61)47(+6∗7∗≅+61+/7∗(+/91)Π
9 +5(.,1 )(8.1 1)/..(99( 4,/+( # ()01+1. 19 2.(−.1)( 34,/+(! .1647∗.
?49+1./8∗9∗6/61) : 7(+)0.4∗. .1)∗9∗1+7∗/ .17(+(71 =41 9/ ,∗−./7∗≅+ 1) 4+/ 79/)1 61
?49+1./8∗9∗6/6 =417/9∗5∗7/ 61?49+1./8∗9∗6/6 0./)+/7∗(+/9!Λ(),∗−./+01) )1 1+741+0./+
1+0.19() −.42(),Ι)?49+1./891)/4+/∗+5∗+∗6/6 61.∗1)−() :(8)0Ι749()+#
,∗99(+1) 61 21.)(+/) ?∗?>/+ 541./ 61 )4) 2/>)1) 61 (.∗−1+ /+0( 1+ 9() 2/>)1)
(.9(=41.1)2170//9()5941+,/01.∗/61,∗−./7∗≅+=41?∗1+1+
/7(,2.1+61.191)2170.(610(6(0∗2(61,∗−./7∗(+1) =410∗1+1+ 4+ )1+0∗6(61
∗..1−49/.∗6/6 2/./ 9/) 91−∗)9/7∗(+1) +/7∗(+/91) 9/ 61)7.∗0/ .−/+∗Α/7∗≅+
+01.+/7∗(+/92/./9()∗−./+01)1+)4∗+5(.,1619/Φ(##∋)1Φ/9≅9()∗−4∗1+01!
/615∗+19() 5947(,(,(?∗,∗1+0()612(89/7∗≅+7(,291
=41∗+794:1+ / .154−∗/6() )(9∗7∗0461) 61 /)∗9( ,∗−./+01) 17(+≅,∗7() :
(0.() ,∗−./+01))1+7∗/9,1+019()594,∗;0() 1)0Ι+ .19/7∗(+/6() 7(+
,(?∗,∗1+0() ∗..1−49/.1) 1+ 9() =41 7(+ 5.1741+7∗/ 3/: ,∗−./7∗≅+ 61
0./+)∗0( 7(+ 21.)(+/) =41 ?∗/+ )∗+ 9/ 6(74,1+0/7∗≅+ +171)/.∗/
/0./?∗1)/+ 5.(+01./) : 991−/+ / )4 61)0∗+( )∗+ /40(.∗Α/7∗≅+ ∗73()
,(?∗,∗1+0()0∗1+1+94−/.1+ 0(6/)2/.01)619,4+6(:0/,8∗Γ+61)2∗1.0/+
,473(∗+01.Γ) 1+ 19 2ϑ89∗7( 1+−1+1./9 1)217∗/9,1+01 74/+6( (74..1+
0./−16∗/) 618∗6(/ 9/)219∗−.()/) 7(+6∗7∗(+1)/ 9/)=41 )11+5.1+0/+9()
,∗−./+01)1+)∗04/7∗≅+610./+)∗0(1+19,/.(1+.1−∗(+1)5.(+01.∗Α/)()
594
)0/6()+()(9(2(.=41?∗(9/+)42.1..(−/0∗?/)(81./+/616101.,∗+/.=41
7∗46/6/+() )(++(+/7∗(+/91) 24161+ 1+0./. 1+ )4 01..∗0(.∗(: 8/ =4Γ
7(+6∗7∗(+1) )∗+( 0/,8∗Γ+ 2(.=41 9/) 21.)(+/) =41 2/.0∗7∗2/+ 1+ 1)()
,(?∗,∗1+0() )(+ ,Ι) 2.(21+)/) / )45.∗. 2.∗?/7∗(+1) ?∗(9/7∗(+1) 61
61.173() 34,/+() : 6∗)7.∗,∗+/7∗≅+ : .1=4∗1.1+ 2(. 199( /)∗)01+7∗/
∗+6∗?∗64/9∗Α/6/:1)217∗/9&
61)/..(99/6() 7(,( 1+ 9() 2/>)1) 1+ 61)/..(99( 9() ,∗−./+01) 1+ 2/.0∗749/. 9()
0./8/6(.1) ∗+6(74,1+0/6())1 1+741+0./+ 1+)∗04/7∗(+1) ?49+1./891) 4161=41 )1
91)1;794:/619/)2.(0177∗(+1) 9/8(./91)+(.,/91): )191)2.(3>8/ /5∗9∗/.)1/)∗+6∗7/0()
9(7/91)4161=41+(01+−/+/771)(/2.(−./,/)612.(0177∗≅+)(7∗/9=4191)(5.1Α7/+
4+)∗)01,/61/,(.0∗−4/7∗≅+7(+0./ 9/)?∗7∗)∗0461)619,1.7/6( 9/8(./961,Ι) 24161
=41 1)0Γ+)4 / 9/6∗)7.∗,∗+/7∗≅+./7∗/9 Γ0+∗7/ :.19∗−∗()//)>7(,( /9/ 1;794)∗≅+
)(7∗/9Μ +5(.,1 )(8.1 1)/..(99( 4,/+( # ()01+1. 19 2.(−.1)( 34,/+(! .1647∗.
?49+1./8∗9∗6/61):7(+)0.4∗..1)∗9∗1+7∗/41?/(.∆#2Π
.−/+∗Α/7∗≅++01.+/7∗(+/9 2/./9/)∗−./7∗(+1) − ∀!
6!5 −−%7897(∋:##∋2Ι..∗)2(+∗8911+!
3002)!∀∀ΧΧΧ∗(,∗+0∀3∗/∀Χ186/?∀)∗01∀,:3∗/)∗01∀)3/.16∀)3/.16∀,/∗+)∗01∀2(9∗7:Υ/+6Υ.1)1
/.73∀2(9∗7:Υ6(74,1+0)∀ ∋Π 94
0.(/)2170(?∗0/9)(8.19/),∗−./7∗(+1))16/1+197/)(6121.)(+/)=41
?∗/+)∗+6(74,1+0/7∗≅+(5∗7∗/99( =419()1;2(+1/ 4+)∗++ϑ,1.(61 /84)()/
/,8() 9/6() 61 9/ 5.(+01./ 241) /+01 9/ +171)∗6/6 61 /..∗8/. /9 61)0∗+(
2.1?∗/,1+011)0/8917∗6(2(.1)0/)21.)(+/):/9/?1Α1?/6∗.)1619()/−1+01)61
)1−4.∗6/6 1+7/.−/6() 61 9/ ?∗−∗9/+7∗/ 61 9/) 5.(+01./) 0(,/+ .40/) ,4:
/..∗1)−/6/)6(+61 / ,1+46( )(+?>70∗,/) 61 9/ 619∗+741+7∗/ (.−/+∗Α/6/ =41
)4191+)1741)0././)1)∗+/. ( 1;0(.)∗(+/./ 9() ,∗−./+01)1+ (0.() 7/)() 9()
.17940/+2/.//70∗?∗6/61)∗9>7∗0/)61,/+1./ 5(.Α()/!1;29(0/7∗≅+ )1;4/9 0./0/61
21.)(+/) : 7/.−/))1?1./)610./8/ 1)0() 7/)()8/9/ 2.1)∗≅+ 61 9/
/,1+/Α/:?∗−∗9/+7∗/0(0/9619()−.42()619∗70∗?()11)0/5(.,/9(=41)1?11+
9/.1/9∗6/61)=41/,16∗6/=4119,∗−./+01)1/9161)47(,4+∗6/6)1?419?1
,Ι) ?49+1./891/9/) )∗04/7∗(+1):/ )1Φ/9/6/)1))∗+ 646/∗+(8 =419/)
.19/7∗(+1)61,∗−./+01)5.1+01/+/7∗(+/91)1)4+/.19/7∗≅+01..∗8911+61)∗−4/96/6
612(61.+1)0124+0(?/918∗1+9/21+/4+//6174/6/:21.0∗+1+01(8)1.?/7∗≅+
−1+1./9! 19)0/6( 614+/ 461(0./5(.,/ 1)=4∗1+91−∗0∗,/1)01 0./0(61)∗−4/9
1+0.1 19 1;0./+ : 19+/7∗(+/99(=41 )1 7(+)0/0/ 1+ 19 /771)(/9()8∗1+1)
2ϑ89∗7()=411)0/891714+/6∗51.1+7∗/=411) 7/2/Α61,/.7/. 2/01+01,1+014+
.Γ−∗,1+612.∗?∗91−∗() /7()0/ 619,/90./0(/4+/,∗+(.>/ =41 +(01.,∗+/61)1.
8∗1+?∗)0/1+9/)(7∗16/64+1
,∗0∗−/.9/ ,∗−./7∗≅+ ∗91−/9 7(+)∗)0∗1+6( 1+9/ ∗+)0.4,1+0/7∗≅+ 61 4+/ ,16∗6/
5161./9∋6191)0/6(61/9∗5(.+∗/1+9())0/6()+∗6()61,Γ.∗7/9/21./7∗≅+
4/.6∗Ι+!
/ .191?/+7∗/ 61 615∗+∗. /9/(21./7∗≅+−4/.6∗Ι+7(,(4+//77∗≅+
−481.+/,1+0/9 6∗)1Φ/6/ 2(. )0/6() +∗6()Τ74:((81+)4
6∗)1Φ( ∗+∗7∗/9 541 19 61)?∗≅ 61 9/ 1+0./6/ 61 ,∗−./+01)
∗+6(74,1+0/6()/01..∗0(.∗(1)0/6(4+∗61+)121.(74:( .1)490/6(+(
2.1?∗)0(/4+=41(5∗7∗/9,1+01.17(+(7∗6(5419/541.01)∗)01,Ι0∗7/61
75.(96Ι+Ι?∗9/1+(?1?/Λ9,1.7/6(9/8(./9Γ;∗7()0/6()+∗6()Μ1+−65
∃!!∃&Γ;∗7(+)0∗040(61+?1)0∗−/7∗(+1)7(+≅,∗7/)∗−9(
ΟΟ6∗0(.1)∋∋∃2∋
,∗−./+01) ∗+6(74,1+0/6() Τ0∗1+1 =41 ?1. 2.∗+7∗2/9,1+01 7(+ 9/
.1)2(+)/8∗9∗6/6619)0/6(1+01+6∗6/1+61.173(∗+01.+/7∗(+/97(,(
4+/ 541+01 61 (89∗−/7∗(+1) ∗+01.+/7∗(+/91) 2/.0∗749/.,1+01 9/ 61
.1)2(+)/8∗9∗6/6 619 6/Φ( / .191?/+7∗/ 1+0.1 19 6∗)1Φ( 61 9/
(21./7∗≅+−4/.6∗Ι+=416≅ .17(+(7∗6/1;2.1)/,1+01/)(7∗/6//9/)
,41.01)619(),∗−./+01)61)6119∗+∗7∗(61)4241)0/1+2.Ι70∗7/1+
∋∋ 1+ 19 ∗+5(.,1 61 9/ 6121+61+7∗/ 5161./9 619 −(8∗1.+( 61 9()
)0/6() +∗6() 7(+(7∗6/ 7(,( / 3! Ν
2489∗7/6( 1+ /−()0( 61 ## 8/049( ;! =
;!!>∗!∗3!;?+
9/)2Ι−∗+/):%611)01∗+5(.,1(5∗7∗/9)1.17(+(719//)(7∗/7∗≅+
1+0.1 9/) /77∗(+1) 61 9/ 2(9∗7>/ 5.(+01.∗Α/ : 9/ (74..1+7∗/ 1
∗+7.1,1+0( 619 +ϑ,1.( 61 ,41.01) 61 ,∗−./+01) 1+ 9/) /Γ.1/)
−1(−.Ι5∗7/)=41748.1+)4)(21./7∗(+1))01.17(+(7∗,∗1+0((5∗7∗/9
1) )45∗7∗1+012/./ 611)0/8917∗6( 9(=41 )11+0∗1+61 1+61.173(
∗+01.+/7∗(+/92(..1)2(+)/8∗9∗6/6619)0/6(#
915170(619/6∗+Ι,∗7/=41−1+1.≅9/(21./7∗≅+−4/.6∗Ι+)(8.19/21.)(+/
619() ,∗−./+01) 1+ )4 ∗+01+0( 2(. ∗+01.+/.)11+ 01..∗0(.∗( 61 )0/6()+∗6()
01+∗1+6(7(,(24+0(61(.∗−1+Γ;∗7(+(54161+∗+−4+/5(.,/9/6∗),∗+47∗≅+619
594
01..∗0(.∗( ,1.∗7/+( 1+ 6(+61 9/ .40/ 1./ ,Ι) 219∗−.()/ −1+1./+6( 2(.
7(+)1741+7∗/4+/4,1+0()1?1.(1+9/,41.016121.)(+/)=4184)7/8/+7.4Α/.
9/ 5.(+01./1+6(+619/ .1)2(+)/8∗9∗6/61./ 2(. )4241)0(0/,8∗Γ+619 −(8∗1.+(
,1;∗7/+(2(.7/4)/)7(,(19,(619(17(+≅,∗7(=41/9)1.∗+7/2/Α61−1+1./.
.∗=41Α/1∗−4/96/6(89∗−//9/21.)(+//7(..1..∗1)−()2(.4+/1)21./+Α/,1
61?∗6/=4161)/5(.04+/6/,1+01+(9(−./+0(6()9()=419(−./+7.4Α/.9/5.(+01./
1)0( 3/:=41 /Φ/6∗.=41!ΛΣ9/ .19/7∗≅+7/4)/91+0.19/ 2(9>0∗7/17(+≅,∗7/ 61
Γ;∗7(:9/−1+1./7∗≅+619()5/70(.1)=412.(6471+1)/(51.0/9/8(./91)0Ι1+9/
8/)1614+/.1)2(+)/8∗9∗6/6619)0/6(.1)2170(619/1,∗−./7∗≅+:2(.1+6161
4)0/,/+01(.−1!∃2∋%
4+/7(..1)2(+)/8∗9∗6/661Γ;∗7(1+9/),41.01)619(),∗−./+01)1+9/5.(+01./
/(,∗)∗≅+619−(8∗1.+(61Γ;∗7(1+19.17(+(7∗,∗1+0(610/97(..1)2(+)/8∗9∗6/6
1)4+ (8)0Ι749( 2/./ =41 9/ )4)21+)∗≅+ 619/ 21./7∗≅+ 4/.6∗Ι+ 2416/ )1.
.179/,/891/+01)0/6()+∗6()Μ
9+41?((.61+∗+01.+/7∗(+/91+ ,/01.∗/6161.173()34,/+() 7/,8∗≅61
,/+1./ 6.Ι)0∗7/7(,(7(+)1741+7∗/ 619/ .15(.,/ 7(+)0∗047∗(+/91+,/01.∗/ 61
61.173() 34,/+() 61 # 2(. 19 3173( 61=41:/19+41?( (.61+ 61 7()/)
,/.7/197/,8∗(619/?∗)∗≅+∗+01.+/:)(81./+/=41)101+>//+01)619/.15(.,/Η
/3(.//+019/)?∗(9/7∗(+1)=41)12416/+7(,101. 1+7(+0./ 619/ 21.)(+/1)0/
)11+741+0.//,2/./6/0/,8∗Γ+2(.9()2.∗+7∗2∗()61961.173(∗+01.+/7∗(+/9619()
61.173()34,/+() =41:/)(+(89∗−/0(.∗()1+)4/7(0/7∗≅+2/./9/)/40(.∗6/61)
61(0.()0/6(1)0(1)9(=417(+(71,()7(,((+0.(961(+?1+7∗(+/9∗6/6=41
615(.,/79/./ : 2.17∗)/=416/ 5∗6( 1+0.1(0./)+(.,/0∗?∗6/61)2(.19/.0>749(
2.∗,1.( 61 9/ (+)0∗047∗≅+ (9>0∗7/ 61 9() )0/6() +∗6() 1;∗7/+() =41 )1
1+7/.−/ 61 )1Φ/9/. 19 2.∗+7∗2∗( 2.( 21.)(+/ 7(+)∗)01+01 1+ 9/ 2()∗8∗9∗6/6 61
/29∗7/.9/+(.,/,Ι)−/./+0∗)0/ 1+81+15∗7∗(619/21.)(+/)∗+∗,2(.0/.=411)01
)1/4+2.∗+7∗2∗(61961.173(∗+01.+/7∗(+/9
./)1)01∗,2(.0/+017/,8∗( 617/.Ι701.1)0.4704./9 19 74/95∗4+ +41?(
7.∗01.∗( 1+ ,/01.∗/ 61 61.173() 34,/+() )1 7(+)∗61./ =41 1+0./,() / 4+
2.(71)(61∗+01−./7∗≅+/9,Ι)/90(+∗?191+,/01.∗/6161.173()34,/+()241)9(
=41 )1 61)2.1+61 79/./,1+01 1) 9/ ∗−4/9/7∗≅+ =41 +/71 61)61 9() 01;0()
∗+01.+/7∗(+/91):9/(+)0∗047∗≅+1+0.19()+/7∗(+/91):9()1;0./+
19)0/6(95/70(.617∗)∗?(610(6(1)0(1)191,2(61./,∗1+0(619/21.)(+/1+
,/01.∗/6161.173()34,/+()9(=4191)−1+1./,/:(.1)7(+6∗7∗(+1)616151+)/
619()61.173()619,∗−./+01/97(+0/.7(+∗−4/96/6/+019/91:9(74/9/9/9/.−/
91)21.,∗016151+61.)1,1/+011?1+04/91)?∗(9/7∗(+1)6161.173()34,/+()
=41 61)/5(.04+/6/,1+01/4+)1 6/+ /,1+46( 91−/6(/1)0124+0( 3/:=41
3/71.,1+7∗≅+61 (0.( /)2170(,4:∗,2(.0/+01!192.∗+7∗2∗(619 618∗6( 2.(71)(
≅∃2#
619=41+()(742/.1,()/7(+0∗+4/7∗≅+2(.)1.4+/5∗−4./6∗7/61∗,2(.0/+7∗/
,/+∗5∗1)0/ 2/./ 04019/. 9() 61.173() 34,/+() 61 9/) 21.)(+/) ?49+1./891) 7(+
,/:(.2()∗8∗9∗6/661Γ;∗0(
1∀∃ !−&∋∗2& ∗+∃(∋(3∗(∀%∀ ∀
9 7(+7120( 61.173( /9 618∗6( 2.(71)( (5.171 /9−4+/) 6∗5∗7490/61) 2/./
∗+?1)0∗−/.9(618∗6(/9(7(+54)(=41)12.1)1+0/1+9/91−∗)9/7∗≅+(.4+/2/.01
)1 (8)1.?/ 7(,( 2/.01 61 9/) −/./+0>/) 619 2.(71)( 7(,( 4+ ∗,2(.0/+01
,17/+∗),(616151+)/6197(+)∗61./,()=414+/841+/5(.,/
6148∗7/.9( 3(:6>/1)7(+9/1)1+7∗/619( =41∗,29∗=4101+1.4+841+2.(71)(
:/ =41 +( )1 24 161 2/)/. 2(. /90( 9() .1=41.∗,∗1+0() =41 1+ 1)01 /)2170(
1)0/89171+9() 0./0/6() ∗+01.+/7∗(+/91) :9/) 7(+?1+7∗(+1) ∗+01.+/7∗(+/91) 9/)
74/91)3/71+7(+)0/+7∗/79/./,1+01/7∗1.0().1=4∗)∗0()61?/9∗61Α:15∗7/7∗/619(
=41∗+?(947.1 4+ 841+2.(71)( 0/91) 7(,(! 19 61.173( /9 .174.)( : 19 29/Α(
./Α(+/8911+0.1(0.()
+ 1)01 )1+0∗6( 9/ (.01 +01./,1.∗7/+/ 61 1.173() 34,/+() )1 3/
1+7/.−/6(61 619∗,∗0/. 1+ 19 7/)( ; / ! Α 9()
/)2170(),Ι) 1)1+7∗/91) : +171)/.∗()61 4+ 841+ 2.(71)( 2/./ 9( 74/9+()
21.,∗0∗,()0./+)7.∗8∗.9/
9618∗6( 2.(71)( 91−/9 )1 .15∗1.1 /9 7(+ 61.1=4∗)∗0() =41 6181+
(8)1.?/.)11+ 9/)∗+)0/+7∗/) 2.(71)/91)/15170( 61=419/)21.)(+/)1)0Γ+
1+7(+6∗7∗(+1)61 6151+61. /6174/6/,1+01 )4) 61.173() /+01 74/9=4∗1. ΝΣ
/70(619)0/6(=412416/ /5170/.9()Ν(+6∗7∗≅+4.>6∗7/:1.173()619()
∗−./+01)+6(74,1+0/6() 2∗+∗≅+ (+)490∗?/ % Β Χ∆7+Ε Χ: 61
)120∗1,8.161##1.∗1(&9 /.0>749( & 61 9/ (+?1+7∗≅+
7(+)/−./9()9∗+1/,∗1+0()61999/,/6(Λ618∗6( 2.(71)( 91−/9Μ =41 7(+)∗)01
1+1961.173(610(6/21.)(+//)1.(>6/7(+9/)618∗6/) −/./+0>/) : 61+0.( 61
4+29/Α(./Α(+/8912(.4+ ∗+6121+6∗1+01 1
∗,2/.7∗/91)0/8917∗6(7(+/+01.∗(.∗6/62(.9/91:2/./9/ 6101.,∗+/7∗≅+ 61 )4)
61.173()929/Α(./Α(+/891/9=41)1.15∗1.119/.0>749(&61 9/ (+?1+7∗≅+
)16181/2.17∗/.1+.19/7∗≅+7(+9/64./7∗≅+0(0/96192.(716∗,∗1+0( =41 )1
61)/..(99/ 3/)0/ =41 )1 6∗70/ )1+01+7∗/615∗+∗0∗?/ Ν/)( /9?/6(. 3∗.∗8(−/ ?)
74/6(.;7127∗≅+.19∗,∗+/.: (+6(1+01+7∗/61∃61,/:(61##&
1.∗1 ( Π∋/54+7∗≅+61 9() ≅.−/+() ∗+01.?∗+∗1+01) 1+4+
2.(71)(+()1 /−(0/ 1+ 2()∗8∗9∗0/. 4+ 618∗6( 2.(71)( =41 −/./+0∗71 9/
6151+)/1+ /61,Ι)/)1−4./.1+4+ 0∗1,2( ./Α(+/891
1961.173(619/?>70∗,/()4) 5/,∗9∗/.1)/)/81. 9/?1.6/6 61 9()4716∗6(: /
=41)1)/+7∗(+1/9()1?1+04/91) .1)2(+)/891) 9 61.173( / 9/ 04019/
1+0(.217∗,∗1+0()∗+618∗6()=417(+64Α7/+/9/ ∗,24+∗6/6 : 5.4)0.1+ 9/
618∗6/2.(0177∗≅+
9/ 2/. 619()7.∗01.∗())(8.1 9/2.(0177∗≅+ 61961.173(/9618∗6(
2.(71)(2.(+4+7∗/6() 2(. 9/(.01 +01./,1.∗7/+/ 611.173() 4,/+() 1+
Γ;∗7( 19 (61. 46∗7∗/9 161./9 1+ 4+/ ∗+01.1)/+01
7(..1)2(+6∗1+01 / 9/6Γ7∗,/Γ2(7/)1 3/ 1+7/.−/61 619∗,∗0/. 19 7(+01+∗6(61
1)01∗,2(.0/+0161.173(54+6/,1+0/9!
1+0.( 61 9/)
−/./+0>/)619618∗6(2.(71)(1;∗)014+ς+ϑ791(64.(ς=416181(8)1.?/.)1
∗+1;74)/891,1+011+0(6(2.(716∗,∗1+0((0.(61−/./+0>/)
=41 )(+ /29∗7/891) 1+ 9() 2.(71)() =41 ∗,29∗=41+ 4+ 1
2(01)0/624+∗0∗?/ 619)0/6()>1+74/+0(/9ς+ϑ791(64.(ς9/)−/./+0>/)
619618∗6(2.(71)( =41 /29∗7/+ / 74/9=4∗1.2.(716∗,∗1+0( 61 +/04./91Α/
9/)=411)0/42.1,/(.01 614)0∗7∗/619//7∗≅+3/
∗61+0∗5∗7/6(7(,(5(.,/9∗6/61)1)1+7∗/91)6192.(716∗,∗1+0(74:(7(+
∗+01−./9/ς−/./+0>/61/46∗1+7∗/ς9/)74/91)21.,∗01+=419()−(81.+/6()
1 )4) 6151+)/)/+01)61 =41 9/)/40(.∗6/61) ,(6∗5∗=41+ )41)51./
6∗7/615∗+∗0∗?/,1+019.1)2170(19.∗84+/91+91+(611)0/42.1,/
%;/!Α
(.01614)0∗7∗/619//7∗≅+1+9/∀Π∀∋%2489∗7/6/1+
191,/+/.∗(46∗7∗/9619/ 161./7∗≅+:)4/710/(?1+/Ω2(7/(,(
6∗7∗1,8.1 61 ∋∋% 2Ι−∗+/ 61 .48.(! ς
Ξ
ς
)()04?( =41 9/) 5(.,/9∗6/61) 1)1+7∗/91) 619 2.(716∗,∗1+0( )(+! Ν∗ 9/
+(0∗5∗7/7∗≅+619 ∗+∗7∗( 619 2.(716∗,∗1+0(Η Ν∗∗ 9/ (2(.04+∗6/6 61(5.171. :
61)/3(−/.9/) 2.418/)1+=41)15∗+=419/6151+)/ΗΝ∗∗∗9/(2(.04+∗6/661
/91−/.Η :Ν∗? 4+/ .1)(947∗≅+ =41 6∗.∗,/9/)741)0∗(+1) 618/0∗6/) : 74:/
∗,24−+/7∗≅+3/)∗6(7(+)∗61./6/2(.1)0/.∗,1.//9/7(,(2/.01611)0/
5(.,/9∗6/63(./8∗1+ 19(0.( +ϑ791(1)∗61+0∗5∗7/6( 7(,ϑ+,1+017(+ 19
191+7( 61 −/./+0>/) ,>+∗,( =41 6181 01+1. 0(6/ 21.)(+/ 74:/ 1)51./
6∗7/ 2.101+6/ ,(6∗5∗7/.)1 ,16∗/+01 9/ /70∗?∗6/6 24+∗0∗?/ 619 )0/6(
7(,( (74..1 2(. 1
/6,∗+∗)0./0∗?(1+6(+61)11;∗−∗.Ι=41)13/−/+7(,2/0∗891)9/)−/./+0>/)
7(+9/,/01.∗/1)217>5∗7/619/)4+0((.0/+0(61+0.(611)0/7/01−(.>/61
−/./+0>/)619618∗6( 2.(71)()1∗61+0∗5∗7/+6()1)217∗1)! 9/2.∗,1./=41
7(..1)2(+61/ 0(6/) 9/) 21.)(+/) ∗+6121+6∗1+01,1+0161 )4 7(+6∗7∗≅+
+/7∗(+/9∗6/6−Γ+1.(16/6107Γ01./61+0.(619/)=411)0Ι+2(.1
19 61.173( /7(+0/.7(+4+ /8(−/6( /+(6179/./. 7(+0./ )>,∗),((/
7(+(71.9/7/4)/6192.(716∗,∗1+0()/+7∗(+/0(.∗(Η:9/)1−4+6/=41 1)9/
7(,8∗+/7∗≅+ 619 191+7(,>+∗,(61 −/./+0>/) 7(+19 61.173( 61∗−4/96/6
/+019/91::=412.(01−1//=4199/) 21.)(+/)=4124161+1+7(+0./.)11+
4+/)∗04/7∗≅+6161)?1+0/5.1+01/9(.61+/,∗1+0(6∗7(2(.21.01+171.
/ /9−ϑ+ −.42( ?49+1./891 2(. 1
/)∗)01+7∗/ 7(+)49/.1961.173(/7(+0/.7(+ 4+ 0./6470(. ( ∗+0Γ.2.101 19
61.173( 61 9/) +∗Φ/) : 9() +∗Φ() / =41 )4 6101+7∗≅+ )1/ +(0∗5∗7/6/ /
=4∗1+1)1
1)∗)!/∀∀#Ν#/ /! ; Φ 9Γ7∗,/
Ω2(7/518.1.(61#2∋∃
1% 0∀&∋(3∗(∀%∀ ∀− ∀∃!∃∗(∀
(,( )1 24161 ?1. 19 618∗6( 2.(71)( (816171 / 9/ 1)1+7∗/ 619
7(+)0∗047∗(+/9∗),( 6(+61 1)0/ ∗,2(.0/+01 5∗−4./ 2/./ 19 )0/6( 61 1.173(
)1Φ/9/ 61 ,/+1./ ,4: )1+)/0/ 9/ 5(.,/ 1+ =41 6181 )1. )4)0/+7∗/6( 4+
2.(716∗,∗1+0(2/./ +( ?49+1./. 9()61.173() 34,/+() 61 9() : )∗
−/./+0∗Α/.91)0(6/))4)−/./+0>/)61+0.(610(6/)9/)5/)1)6192.(71)(
∗+1,8/.−( 19 7(+7120( 61 618∗6( 2.(71)( 7(,(0/9 +( )11+741+0./
7(+01,29/6( 1+ 9/ ,/:(.>/ 61 9/) (+)0∗047∗(+1) /,1.∗7/+/) 21.( 7(+ 1)/
)/9?16/61),4: 79/./9/ ∗61/619(=412.101+61 1)0/5∗−4./6∗7/74/+6()1
3/89/61618∗6(2.(71)(∗1.0/,1+011)011)4+7(+7120(61(.∗−1+/+−9()/
=41 0∗1+1 7(,( 24+0( 61 2/.0∗6/ 9/ =4∗+0/ 1+,∗1+6/ 61 9/ (+)0∗047∗≅+ 61 9()
)0/6() +∗6() 61 ,Γ.∗7/ =41 )1 1+7/.−/ 61 )1Φ/9/. ,4: 79/./,1+01 9()
61.173()610(6/ 21.)(+/ 61+0.(614+ 2.(71)( /)∗,∗),(9/1+,∗1+6/
7/0(.71)1Φ/9/9/)9∗,∗0/7∗(+1)6191
7∗46/6/+())∗+.1)210/.1961.173(/9618∗6(2.(71)(
(=41)12(+161,/+∗5∗1)0(7(+1)0/)∗61/)1)9(∗,2(.0/+01=41.1)490/
)1.9//704/7∗≅+2/./4+)0/6(611.173(+15170(1)0/−/./+0>/
610/99/ 19 7(,2(.0/,∗1+0( =41 6181 −4/.6/. 19
/61,Ι)617(,2(.0/.)17(+ 9/618∗6/./Α(+/8∗9∗6/61+0(6/)9/)617∗)∗(+1) =41
/6(20161+0.(619/5/)12.(716∗,1+0/9
/ 10/2/2(9>0∗7/ 1+ 9/74/9)1 1,2∗1Α/ /7(+5∗−4./.1,8.∗(+/.∗/,1+0119
7(+7120( 619 618∗6( 2.(71)( 1)1+190.Ι+)∗0(3/7∗/9/,(61.+∗6/6=41,/.7/
79/./,1+01 9/9473/ 2(.9∗81.0/6 :9/ 6∗−+∗6/634,/+/ 619/21.)(+/+ 15170(
2/./4+7(+(716(.:1)046∗()()(8.19()61.173()34,/+()7(,(.1−(.∗(171)
/.8/19 )1+0∗6(61 61?1+∗.3∗)0≅.∗7(611)0/∗,2(.0/+017/01−(.>/6∗7/.1)∗61
1+=41!Λ/./9/3∗)0(.∗/619()61.173()54+6/,1+0/91)1)0121.∗(6(1)61)4,/
∗,2(.0/+7∗/2(.=411+Γ9)15(.,≅1)0/∗61/+9()0∗1,2()/+01.∗(.1) /4+=41
Γ)012.1)1+01 9/∗61/616∗−+∗6/661 9/21.)(+/+()17(+7∗819/ .1/9∗Α/7∗≅+61
Γ)0// 0./?Γ) 6197(+7120( 61 61.173()54+6/,1+0/91) )01 1)4+ 7(+7120(
3∗)0≅.∗7(619,4+6(,(61.+(Μ
)0121.∗(6( 1) 54+6/,1+0/9 2/./ 19 2.(−.1)(619 3(,8.1 1+ )(7∗16/6
241)610/99/9()54+6/,1+0()=417/./701.∗Α/+19/..∗8(/9/16/6,(61.+/9/74/9
)17/./701.∗Α/2(.9/7(+=4∗)0/619)1.34,/+(61)24Γ)61/.64/)8/0/99/)614+/
6∗−+∗6/61+)421.)(+/4+/9∗81.0/61+0(6()1+0∗6(!17(+≅,∗7/74904./9.19∗−∗()/
1 ∗+0191704/9 107 0(6( 1)0( 6/ 741+0/ 5Ι7∗9,1+01 619 7/.Ι701. ,/.7/6/,1+01
.1?(947∗(+/.∗( =41 3/8.>/ 61 2.(2∗7∗/. ,473() 7/,8∗() =41 /4+ /9 6>/ 61 3(:
/4+=41+( 61,/+1./5Ι7∗9)1 )()0∗1+1+1+9/)0/.1/)54+6/,1+0/91)619)0/6(
612.(74./7∗≅+ 1∗,2/.0∗7∗≅+61)16181(9?∗6/.=411+19 61?1+∗.61
,Ι) 616()71+04.∗/) 6∗?1.)/)1)0.4704./) 610∗2(17(+≅,∗7( )(7∗/974904./9 :
2(9>0∗7/ 619 ,4+6( ,16∗1?/9 541.(+ 61)/2/.17∗1+6( 2/49/0∗+/,1+01 /4+=41
/9−4+/) )101.,∗+/.(+ 2(. /6/20/. 2/./ )1−4∗. 1 4+/ ∗+5941+7∗/1+ 19
5404.(21.( 0(6( 1)01 ?/7>( 1)0.4704./9 1+ 19 ,4+6( ,(61.+(1) 7(9,/6( 61
,/+1./2.(−.1)∗?/7(+19+/7∗,∗1+0(61+41?/)1)0.4704./)2(9>0∗7/)17(+≅,∗7/)
)(7∗/91)74904./91):2(9>0∗7/)1+0.19/)=41(742/4+94−/.54+6/,1+0/99/01(.>/
:5∗9()(5>/619() 61.173()34,/+()=41/9/9/.−/749,∗+/+1+74/+0(/9618∗6(
2.(71)( / 6/.91 5(.,/ : )1+0∗6( 7(,( 61.173( 54+6/,1+0/9 2.∗+7∗2/9 61 9/
21.)(+/ =41 2(. (0./ 2/.01 21.,∗01 =41 −4/.61 4+ 7/.Ι701. ,4: 1)217∗/9 19
)0/6(1,(7.Ι0∗7(611.173(241)9/ϑ+∗7/5(.,/611+01+61.1)0/)0∗2(9(−>/)
1)0/0/91) 1+ 19 ,4+6( ,(61.+( 1) / 0./?Γ) 619 .1)210( 61 9() 61.173() :
−/./+0>/) 61 9/)21.)(+/)/)∗,∗9/+6(1)/2.()2170∗?/ 9(./819 Ξ4∗)21 1,≅+
2.(2(.7∗(+/ 4+/ )>+01)∗) 619 0./:170( 1?(940∗?( 61 9/ ∗61/ 61 9() 61.173()
34,/+()∀54+6/,1+0/91)!
(+ 9/ 991−/6/ 61 9/ ∗94)0./7∗≅+ : 9/ ,(61.+∗6/6 1)() 61.173() )1
7(+)(9∗6/.(+ 7(,(61.173() 34,/+()∗+31.1+01)/9/21.)(+/ =412(.19
)(9(3173(61)1.9( 2(6>/+ (2(+1. 5.1+01 /9 2(61. 1+ −/./+0>/ 61 )4
171)/.8/.1−(.∗(Λ./+)∗0(/9/,(61.+∗6/6:61.173()54+6/,1+0/91)Μ1+171)
/.8/ .1−(.∗( : 1.+Ι+61Α /.7>/ 4)18∗( Ν6∗.170(.1) Α!
!∃0(,(/6.∗6:∆∗+)(+##2%
9∗81.0/641−(7(+192/)(619 0∗1,2(:/+019/+171)∗6/6617(+5∗−4./.9()1+9/
+(.,/2()∗0∗?/9()61.173() 541.(+ .17(−∗6() 1+ 9/) 7(+)0∗047∗(+1) : 1+ 9()
2.∗+7∗2/91)01;0()+(.,/0∗?()619() (.61+/,∗1+0()+/7∗(+/91)2/)/+6( /)1.
7(+)∗61./6()7(,(61.173() 7(+)0∗047∗(+/91) ( 54+6/,1+0/91) 461)/..(99(
)1∗+7.1,1+0≅7(+9//2/.∗7∗≅+61 +41?() 61.173() /2(.0/6() 2(. 19
)(7∗/9∗),(61,(7.Ι0∗7(:199∗81./9∗),( 2.(−.1)∗)0/1+7/,∗+/6() /7(,291,1+0/.
9/9∗81.0/67(+19?/9(.∗−4/96/6./)9/1−4+6/ 41../ 4+6∗/9 1)0() ,∗),()
61.173()1,21Α/.(+/)1.2/49/0∗+/,1+01 .17(−∗6() 1+ ∗+)0.4,1+0()
∗+01.+/7∗(+/91):)191).17(+(7∗≅4+/97/+71=41 )421./8/ 9/) 5.(+01./)
+/7∗(+/91)9(=419()991?≅/)1.7(+)∗61./6()7(,(61.173() 34,/+()61 9/)
21.)(+/)∗+6121+6∗1+01,1+0161)4+/7∗(+/9∗6/6(.∗−1+)1;((74/9=4∗1. (0./
7∗.74+)0/+7∗/%
/(+)0∗047∗≅+ (9>0∗7/ 61 9() )0/6() +∗6() 1;∗7/+() 7(+01,29/ 19
61.173( /9 618∗6( 2.(71)( 1+19/.0>749(Π:7(,(:/)1246( ?1. 19 (61.
46∗7∗/9 61 9/ 161./7∗≅+ :/ 619∗,∗0≅ 1)01 ∗,2(.0/+01 61.173( 34,/+(
(0(.−Ι+6(919/618∗6/∗,2(.0/+7∗/2/./=4161)619/!: 4+/?1Α=41
=416/ /79/./6( =41 1)0/ 5∗−4./ 1) 4+ 61.173( 34,/+( )4 /29∗7/7∗≅+ 7(,(
−/./+0>/2/./04019/./9,Ι;∗,(9()61.173()619()
2/)/. 2(./90(=41 9/ 6∗−+∗6/6 61 9/21.)(+/ 1+ 19 ,Ι) /,29∗()1+0∗6(1) 4+
7(+6∗7∗(+/+01∗,2(.0/+012/./=41)12416/3/89/./6174/6/,1+01614+(.61+
2(9>0∗7(7(+2/Α)(7∗/9241) 19 618∗6(2.(71)(1)4+/−/./+0>/=41−4/.6/ 4+/
>+0∗,/ .19/7∗≅+7(+9/04019/ 15170∗?/ /,8() 7(,()/9?/−4/.6/)/9 ,Ι)
/90(+∗?19∗+)0∗047∗(+/9619()61.173()619/21.)(+/
9 ,∗),( 0∗1,2( )1 24161 /−.1−/. =41 19 .17(+(7∗,∗1+0( 619 618∗6(
2.(71)( 7(,( 4+ 61.173( 34,/+( 61+0.( 61 9/ (+)0∗047∗≅+ ∗,29∗7/ 7∗1.0()
7(,2.(,∗)()2/./9()≅.−/+()619)0/6(:/=417(,( 8∗1+)1Φ/9/ 1../
61.173()34,/+()!
Ξ4∗)211,≅+ 9(./819!!
!∃/91+7∗/∗./+0(9/+73##2#
(+)0∗04:1+ 9/ 8/)1 61 9/ , (61.+/ ∗−4/96/6 =41 1) 2.17∗)/, 1+01 4+/
∗−4/96/6Λ!21+74/+0(3/71+?∗)∗891)6()7/./701.>)0∗7/)1)0.4704./91)=41
9()6∗51.1+7∗/+ 61 0(6()9() 61,Ι) 61.173() 7(,(1) 9/ 4+∗?1.)/9∗6/6 1)
617∗.193173(61=41 7(..1)2(+61+/0(6():1+9/,∗),/,16∗6//)>7(,(
)4+/04./91Α/61 ∗+6∗)2(+∗891)1∗+/9∗1+/891)0/+0(/70∗?/7(,(2/)∗?/=419()
)4)0./1/9,1.7/6(: /9/ 617∗)∗≅+2(9>0∗7/9∗,∗0/+6(9/1)51./619(617∗6∗891
614+(:(0./: ?∗+749Ι+6(9//)404019/:)/0∗)5/77∗≅+∃
)/)>=4119618∗6(2.(71)( 0∗1+14+/+/04./91Α/6161.173(34,/+(9(
=41∗,29∗7/ /6?1.0∗. =41 1) 4+7(,2(+1+01 2.∗+7∗2/9 61 2.∗,1./ 7/01−(.>/ 619
(.61+/,∗1+0(6∗7(Τ2(9>0∗7(619)0/6(,1;∗7/+(:=4161,/+1./2.(−.1)∗?/
3/ ∗6( 21.5∗9/+6( )4 2.(2∗/ 541.Α/ 61+0.( 61 9/ +(.,/0∗?∗6/6 6∗7/ :
2(.9(=4174/9=4∗1./70( +(.,/4 (,∗)∗≅+ =412.(?1+−/ 61 9()
≅.−/+() 619 )0/6( 612/.0∗749/.1)(6174/9=4∗1.(0.( )4 =41 7/4)1 4+/
/5170/7∗≅+/9/ 1)51./ 6161.173() 619 )1.)/+7∗(+/6(2.1?∗/
−/./+0>/614+2.(71)(
9.17(+(7∗,∗1+0(619618∗6(2.(71)(7(,(4+61.173(34,/+(3/71=41
)17(+)0∗04:/1)0/5∗−4./6∗7/1+4+∗,2(.0/+01,17/+∗),( =41 −/./+0∗719()
61.173()619()61+0.(614+2.(716∗,∗1+0(5.1+01/ 9()≅.−/+()61
2(61. 1)0/0/9 /+ 1) /)>=4119618∗6(2.(71)(1) 19 71+0.( +14.(+/9 =41 )1
1+7/.−/61/)1−4./.4+/7(..170/04019/619()61.173()34,/+()( )124161
∗,/−∗+/.4+/841+/)/9?/−4/.6/6∗7/15170∗?/619()61.173()34,/+()619/)
21.)(+/)2(.2/.01619)0/6()∗+19.1)210(/9618∗6(2.(71)(
/−/./+0>/619618∗6(2.(71)(1)1954+6/,1+0(2.∗+7∗2/9:612.∗,1.(.61+
619)0/6(61 1.173(/./)?/96(95.16((Α/>+∗19618∗6( 2.(71)(1)4+/
1../!∃Γ∃0./6!1.5170(+6.Γ)8ΙΦ1Α
/6.∗6.(00/##2%
∗,2(.0/+01−/./+0>/ 7(+ =41 741+0/ 19 2/./6151+61. )4) 61.173()
34,/+()/+014+0.∗84+/9!
9(8)1.?/.=41192.(71)(1)4+/−/./+0>//8)0./70/ /+01.∗(./9 7(+59∗70(
=41.1,()∗+6∗7/.19)1+0∗6(61961.173(=412.1)1.?/(6/21.)(+/0∗1+1
61.173( /92.(71)(:/ 9() =4124161 .174..∗.)∗+1−(>),()+∗
1;∗−1+7∗/))(91,+1)7/6/?1Α=414+61.173()4:()1//5170/6(1.( /9
,∗),( 0∗1,2( 9/ −/./+0>/ )1 0(.+/ 7(,2910/ 74/+6( 241)0( 19
2.(716∗,∗1+0( 1+,/.73/1) +171)/.∗(1?∗0/. =419/).1−9/) 1)01.∗9∗71+9/
2.(0177∗≅+(19 61.173( /9/04019/+/7∗1+6(/)>19 7(+ 61−/./+0>/)
2.(71)/91)=416/+5(.,//9618∗6(2.(71)(Π
(8.1 192/.0∗749/. :/64/.6((404.1 )13/,/+∗51)0/6(7(+ ,473/
)(9?1+7∗/)(8.1 9/0./)71+61+7∗/61=41192.(71)()1/?∗)0(7(,(4+/ −/./+0>/
7(+)0∗047∗(+/9 7(+ 0(6( 9( =41 1)0( ∗,29∗7/ 1+ 0Γ.,∗+() −/./+0∗)0/) 2/./ 9/
21.)(+/ )> 2/./ 19
7(+)∗61./6(7(+,4:1)7/)/)1;7127∗(+1) =414+/2.(79/,/7∗≅+2.(−./,Ι0∗7/
612.∗+7∗2∗()6161.173(2.(71)/91./+171)/.∗/1+197(+
21.)(+/34,/+/:619/)−/./+0>/)/=41199/)13/71/7.116(./Μ&
9/.−4,1+0(610∗2(−/./+0∗)0//5/?(.619/21.)(+/7(+)∗)01+011+191?/.
/./+−(7(+)0∗047∗(+/99/)−/./+0>/)6192.(71)(61,41)0./ 79/./,1+01=41 0(6(
)0/6( 61 1.173( 6181 7(+)/−./. /9 ,Ι) /90( +∗?19 6∗7( 9/) −/./+0>/)
2.(71)/91) 7(+ 9/ 5∗+/9∗6/6 61 6(0/.9/) 61 ,/:(. 541.Α/ 1+ 9/ 2./;∗) 91−/9 Τ
2.(71)/9/5/?(.619/)2/.01)
9() /+01.∗(.1) /.−4,1+0() )1 /Φ/61 (0.( 7(+?∗+71+01 5(.,49/6( 2(.
Γ70(. ∗;Τ/,46∗(=4∗1+.10(,/+6(9/).1591;∗(+1)61(404.1:61)0/7/+6(9/
(Α/>+∗ )?/96( 95.16( &! !! ! ∃ Γ;∗7(
(..ϑ/#2%∋
(404.1 64/.6( 9! ∃ Ρ 16 41+()∗.1)
12/9,/∋∋Π2%
∗+5941+7∗/611)011+19 61.173(2.(71)/9:)4) /2(.01)−/./+0∗)0/)/9/∗61/619
2.(71)(61)0/7/9()∗−4∗1+01!
(.197(+0./.∗(1961.173(7(+)0∗047∗(+/92.(71)/91)4+/./,/61961.173(
7(+)0∗047∗(+/9 0/,8∗Γ+61 7/.Ι701..17∗1+017(+19 2.(2≅)∗0(1)1+7∗/9 61
1)046∗/.1+ 5(.,/ )∗)01,Ι0∗7/ 9/) ∗+)0∗047∗(+1) 2.(71)/91) .1−49/6/) 2(. 9/)
6∗)2()∗7∗(+1) 7(+)0∗047∗(+/91) : =41 0/,8∗Γ+ )1 3/+ 7/9∗5∗7/6( 7(,(
−/./+0>/)7(+)0∗047∗(+/91)61 7/.Ι701.2.(71)/9:/)>7(,(//+) Θ19)1+)1
917(+)∗61./7(,(54+6/6(.619/ 6∗)7∗29∗+/2/./919/61+0.(619/7∗1+7∗/619
2.(71)(1)/9∗+)∗−+12.(71)/9∗)0/ .4−4/:(64/.6( (404.1/ =4∗1+91
7(..1)2(+611)0/9/8(.61+0.(61961.173( 2.(71)/97(+)0∗047∗(+/9 )∗ 0(,/,()
1+741+0/61,/+1./1)217∗/9)454+6/,1+0/9: 79Ι)∗7( 1)046∗( )(8.1 9/)
−/./+0>/)7(+)0∗047∗(+/91)6192.(71)(7∗?∗91+1974/924)(61 .19∗1?1 9/
.1−49/7∗≅+7(+)0∗047∗(+/9619()∗+)0.4,1+0()2.(71)/91)/9,1+()1+ 19
2.(71)(7∗?∗921.()4)24+0()61?∗)0/24161+1;01+61.)1)∗+9/,/:(.6∗5∗7490/6
.1)2170(619/).1)0/+01)./,/)61961.173(2.(71)/9∋
∋(3∗(∀%∀ ∀∃∋!&(∀∀∗!∗4∗!&( ∗)∀∃+∃∗ ∀
+/5(.,/ ,4:4)4/92(.2/.01619/6(70.∗+/2/./615∗+∗.19)0/6(2()∗0∗?∗)0/1)
9/ 91::/ =411)0/ )1 7/./701.∗Α/8/2(.1,/+/. 6192(61. 91−∗)9/0∗?( :1+1)1
7/)( 192(61.1 )11+7/.−/8/ 611 192(61. 0∗1+12(.
54+7∗≅+1)1+7∗/9:2.∗+7∗2/9)4 )(9//29∗7/7∗≅+,Ι)+( 7(+0/8/7(+7/2/7∗6/61)
∗+01.2.10/0∗?/) 19 2()∗0∗?∗),(617∗,(+≅+∗7( 7(+)0/+6(1+0/9 )1+0∗6( 19
7/.Ι701.2.∗(.∗0/.∗(=41/)4,>/192(61.91−∗)9/0∗?(:/=411./1)01191+7/.−/6(61
1)0/89171.9(=41 1./1961.173(1+ 0/+0(=419() (0.()2(61.1) 01+>/+2(61.1)
+10/,1+01 )48)∗6∗/.∗() :/ =41 1)0() )(9( 01+>/+ 4+/ 7/2/7∗6/6 61 / 704/.
2()01.∗(./91)0/8917∗,∗1+0(619/91:1+1)17/)(1)0()2(61.1))19∗,∗0/8/+/
.1)210/.)415∗7/7∗/=41911./(0(.−/6/2(.192(61.91−∗)9/0∗?(
∗; Τ /,46∗( Γ70(. Λ9 21+)/,∗1+0( 61 64/.6( (404.1 : 19 1.173(
7(+)0∗047∗(+/92.(71)/9Μ1+=!6∃+ϑ,1.(#Γ;∗7(
+∗?1.)∗6/6/7∗(+/940≅+(,/61Γ;∗7(∋ΠΠ2Π
4∗Α4∗931.,1/.∗+(+∗29/+01/=419/).121.74)∗(+1)=41/7/..1≅ 4+/
?∗)∗≅+0/+1+,/.7/6/1+9/71+0./9∗6/6619/91:6∗5∗7490≅1+(7/)∗(+1)9/7(..170/
.1)(947∗≅+619()7(+59∗70()241)+(6181,()(9?∗6/.=419/7(+)0/+011?(947∗≅+
=412.1)1+0/9/)(7∗16/63/71+171)/.∗/)9/)0./+)5(.,/7∗(+1)61961.173(241)!
(,()1)/81 19 )0/6(9∗81./979Ι)∗7(5.1+01/)4 5∗+/9∗6/6 2.∗+7∗2/961
−/./+0∗Α/. 9/ 9∗81.0/6 61 9() 7∗46/6/+() 1)04?( ,/.7/6( 2(. 4+/ .>−∗6/
619∗,∗0/7∗≅+61)4)2(61.1)61∗+01.?1+7∗≅+1+9/1)51./6∗7/2.∗?/6//91:+(
618>/0(,/.1+ 7(+)∗61./7∗≅+ 9/)6∗51.1+01)2()∗7∗(+1) )(7∗/91) 241) 19 5∗+
1./6/.∗−4/96/6610./0( / 9/)21.)(+/))≅9( 1+ )1+0∗6(5(.,/9 / 91: 6181.>/
)1./9,∗),(0∗1,2( 79/.∗?∗61+01 : 7∗1−/ )01 0./0/,∗1+0( ∗−4/9∗0/.∗( 1) 19
=41−/./+0∗Α/.>/9/9∗81.0/661 9()∗+6∗?∗64()#
(=41)1 24161 ?1. 1) =41 1+1)0/ 10/2/ 619 21+)/,∗1+0( 6∗7( 19
./Α(+/,∗1+0( )1 7/./701.∗Α/8/ 2(. )4 .>−∗6( 7/.Ι701. 5(.,/9∗)0/ =41 84)7/8/
1)0/89171. 4+/,/.7/6/6∗51.1+7∗/ 1+0.1 )1.: 6181. )1.=41 Θ19)1+7(+)∗61.(
=411+197/,2(619/01(.>/61961.173(618>/2.1?/9171.19?/9(.6196181.)1.
2(.1+7∗,/619)1.61 1)0/ 5(.,/19 /4)0.∗/7()1 1+7/.−≅ 617(+647∗. /9
61.173(2(.9()61..(01.() 619,Ι)24.(5(.,/9∗),(6∗7(:/ =412/./ 1)0119
?/9(.6195(.,/9∗),(1./19=4121.,∗0>/1961)748.∗,∗1+0(619/?1.6/6(8
1+ 9/+(.,/ 1) 2(. 1)( =41 1) ∗,2(.0/+01 (0(.−/.91 4+7/.Ι701.5(.,/9∗)0/ /9
(8 619 61.173(:/=411)0(/ 9/ 9/.−/ 91 (0(.−/.>/ /40(+(,>/ / 9/ 7∗1+7∗/
6∗7/2/.0∗749/.,1+01619/,(./961961.173(2(.0/+0(2/.//+)Θ19)1+!
Σ6181)1Φ/9/.)1 =41 9/ .191?/+7∗/61 9/ ∗+01.2.10/7∗≅+ 2/./Θ19)1+ ?/
,473(,Ι) /99Ι 619.1)0.∗+−∗6(7/,2( 1+19 74/9)191 3/)∗04/6( 2(.9/01(.>/
0./6∗7∗(+/9Θ19)1+ 19/8(./ )4 )(8.1 9/ 8/)1 61 =41 19 61.173( 1) 4+/
1;21.∗1+7∗/∗+01.2.10/0∗?/1+ 19)1+0∗6( 619/)(7∗(9(−>/ 7(,2.1+)∗?/61 Ο
Ψ)0()∗−+∗5∗7/4+/ .1?(947∗≅+2/./6∗−,Ι0∗7/2.(54+6/2(.=419(−.≅
)/7/.619/1;29∗7/7∗≅+619() 51+≅,1+() 6∗7() 619 7/,2( 2)∗7(9(−∗)0/ (
/.∗+(+∗ 4∗Α4∗931.,1!!! ∀!∃ 0./6!
96(19/∗991−/)∗,//91)0./##Π22∋Τ#
5∗)∗7/9∗)0/Ν=419()?∗+749/8//9/ ,1./?(94+0/6 61=4∗1+1) 12/./
)∗04/.9()1+197/,2(619/ 1;21.∗1+7∗/ 31.,1+Γ40∗7/)(7∗/94/+6( /5∗.,/
=419/)+(.,/)6∗7/))(+19 )1+0∗6((861/70() 61?(94+0/66∗.∗−∗6()/
,(0∗?/.197(,2(.0/,∗1+0(61 (0.()1)0Ι6∗7∗1+6(=419/1;∗)01+7∗/619/91:)1
8/)/1+4+/31.,1+Γ40∗7/619/ 1;21.∗1+7∗/)(7∗/9,1+017(,2/.0∗6/(6/9/
2.101+61)1.4+/./7∗(+/9∗Α/7∗≅+61 9/) 7(+6∗7∗(+1) 61 2()∗8∗9∗6/6 61 1)/
7(,2.1+)∗≅+
1.(9/)7.>0∗7/)/9,(619( 5(.,/9∗)0/)16161)61Γ2(7/),4:
.1,(0/)241)/+419/9?(/.7>/)1Φ/9/=4131.∗+−!
Σ7.∗0∗7/195(.,/9∗),(6∗7(619,Γ0(6(619/
2(.)4 /91,∗1+0(619?/9(.2.Ι70∗7(619/)∗+)0∗047∗(+1)6∗7/)9Λ7Ι9749(
7(+71204/9Μ 3/8>/ 7(+647∗6( / 9/ 7∗1+7∗/ 6∗7/ 2(. 9() 61..(01.() 61 9/
/8)0./77∗≅+9≅−∗7/:9/ 1)1+7∗/ 4+∗?1.)/9 619 61.173( 2.(?(7/+6( 4+
/91,∗1+0(7/6/?1Α,/:(.619/ ,∗),/ 7(+ .1)2170( /9 ,4+6( 61 9/
.1/9∗6/6:9()∗+01.1)1)1+1,∗1+0(61961.173(
619()?/9(.1)2./−,Ι0∗7():)(7∗(9≅−∗7()3/8.>/ 991?/6(/4+/)(5∗)0∗7/7∗≅+0/9
619,Γ0(6(6∗7(=419(61),16∗6(61)4))40∗91Α/) )≅9( 01+6.>/ 2/./+−≅+
7(+)47/.1+7∗//8)(940/61?/9(.2.Ι70∗7( .1+01/1)01 1)0/6( 61 7()/)
31.∗+−.1∗?∗+6∗7/19)1+0∗6(2.Ι70∗7(61961.173(7(,(+(.01619/ 7∗1+7∗/
6∗7/ /24+0/+6( 4+/ 0>,∗6/ : 7(+0./6∗70(.∗/ 2.(241)0/ 61
2./−,Ι0∗7/ ( )(7∗(9≅−∗7/ =41 2()01.∗(.,1+01 )1.>/ .17(−∗6/ 2(. 9/
7(,(/901.+/0∗?/ /9,Γ0(6(6∗7(0./6∗7∗(+/9 ΝΣ
961.173(1+ 7(+)1741+7∗/)≅9(7(+(714+/541+01!9/5∗+/9∗6/62.Ι70∗7//
7∗1+7∗/6∗7/ )1−ϑ+1)0(+( 61811)0.4704./.)1 9≅−∗7/,1+01:3/71.619/
?1.6/6=411)19 (8(9/,16∗6/619//77∗≅+!
Λ9/,16∗6/619 61.173(+(1)9/?1.6/6/8)(940/)∗+(9/.19/0∗?/6195∗+Μ
/.9( )7/. Λ9−4+/) (8)1.?/7∗(+1) )(8.1 ∗+01.2.10/7∗≅+ 6∗7/ 1+ Θ19)1+Μ 1+
9Γ.∗7(/4./:∗17∆,/++Ν16∗0(.1)! ΑΗ∃ (9(,8∗/
+∗?1.)∗6/6;01.+/6(61(9(,8∗/#22&Τ&
)0/)∗61/) 0/+71+0./6/)1+9/91: 1+741+0./+7(+1;∗≅+ 7(+9/)∗61/)61
(+01)=4∗14=4∗1+)11+7/.−/61610/99/.9/∗61/61961.173(7(,(4+/∗61(9(−>/
61 71.01Α/ =41 )1 /+79/8/ 1+ 9/ +(.,/ 6∗7/ 2(. 1)( 19 61.173( )1.>/
2.(+4+7∗/6(2(.19
9()=419/91:2416/)1.)4,/,1+01.∗−4.()/9() )(9()1 9∗,∗0/+//704/.
1+1)01,(619(6∗7(7(,(,1.()/29∗7/6(.1)619/+(.,/6∗7/
)0/ 1)7419/ 61 21+)/,∗1+0( 6∗7( 2.(2∗/ 61 4+/ 6101.,∗+/6/ 5/)1
3∗)0≅.∗7/619∗,∗0/8/ 9//704/7∗≅+6199(=411)0/8917>/9/+(.,/ /5∗.,/+6(
1)0/5(.,/197/.Ι701.541.01,1+01?(94+0/.∗)0/619/91:1)0(2/.//.∗+(+∗5414+
2.∗,1.2/)(2/./9/2Γ.6∗6/6197/.Ι701.1
/7(0/+6(7(+1)0(/ϑ+,Ι)9/541.Α/6197(+9/=41)1
2(6>/ ?1. 1+ 19 )0/6( ∗81./9 /9
.1)(947∗(+1)
/9() (0.()2(61.1)21.(1+9/,16∗6/ 1+=41)19>,∗011)0/
541.Α/)1 6∗),∗+4:19/ 541.Α/619 /,1.716 619() (0.()2(61.1)
0/97(,()1Φ/9/,()/7(+0∗+4/7∗≅+.10(,/+6(9/.1591;∗≅+61/.∗+(+∗!
/.0∗1+6( 6192.1)4241)0( =419/ 1 9/)617∗)∗(+1) 1./54+7∗≅+
619 1(+01)=4∗14/6?∗.0∗≅ =41)∗19 2(61. Λ1)04?∗1./ 9∗−/6(/9
2(61.12(6.>/01+1.9/ 541.Α/61 4+ (2.1)(.+1)01)1+0∗6(/9
6181.>/ )1. .1)1.?/6/ )(9( 9/ 2()∗8∗9∗6/6 61 /704/. ,16∗/+01 )1+01+7∗/
6179/./0∗?/ (,(1)/54+7∗≅+1./)∗,291,1+0161/5∗.,/7∗≅+619//40(.∗6/6619
91−∗)9/6(. (+01)=4∗147(+794:≅61,(6(9≅−∗7(=41192(61. 619 )1.>/
4+ΕΕ
(.(0./ 2/.012/./ (6(95(4∗) ∗−(1+79/./)∗+0(+>/7(+9/).1591;∗(+1)
=41/+017161+1)010./8/1−/9∗)0/1+741+0./)4./Α≅+61
)1.7(+9/9≅−∗7/5(.,/9=41)17/./701.∗Α/2(.9()∗−4∗1+01!
/9?( /.7>/ /+419 ! ! ∀5 !∃
/6.∗617+()∋∋22#Τ#
/.∗+(+∗4∗Α4∗931.,1!∃2%
9 0./8/ 1)217>5∗7( 1+ 190./+)∗0/8/ / 0./?Γ) 61 )∗9(−∗),()
616470∗?() : 2(. 1+61 8/)0/8/ 7(+(71.9/).1−9/)=41/Γ)0().1−49/8/+ 9
7/)(∗+6∗?∗64/91./ 4+/∗+)0/+7∗/6197/)(−1+Γ.∗7(7(+01,29/6(1+9/91::/)>
1)12.(71)(616470∗?( 2(6>/ 74,29∗.)1 7(+ 9/) 1;∗−1+7∗/) 2.(2∗/) 61 9()
)/81.1)01≅.∗7()Ν2.1)∗6>/61 ?/9(./7∗(+1) 2.(2(.7∗(+/8/ 4+/ 71.01Α/ )∗+
1;7127∗(+1)107)7∗1.0(=411+ Θ19)1+ 1)/ ./7∗(+/9∗6/6 5(.,/9 61 9/
1;1−1)∗)5./+71)/)17(+?∗1.011+ ∗../7∗(+/9∗),( ( ?(94+0/.∗),(1+0/+0(19
./7∗(+/91) ΝΛ9/
∗../7∗(+/9Μ!6∗.>/Θ19)1+21.(610(6/),/+1./) 19 7∗1+0>5∗7( 6∗7( 24161
∗+6∗7/.9/)(27∗(+1)=4191617/81=41 19 7.1/6(.
619/+(.,/5∗+/9,1+01)11;0./9∗,∗01
1591;∗(+/.)(8.1 192()∗0∗?∗),(5(.,/9∗)0/2.(2∗(619 )0/6(617∗,(+≅+∗7(
1)3/71. .151.1+7∗// 4+/?∗12(9Γ,∗7/=413/,/.7/6(1961?1+∗.61 9/01(.>/
619 61.173( : 9/ ∗+5941+7∗/ =41 3/ 01+∗6( 1)0/ 1+ 19 7/,2(
5(.,/9∗),(?)/+0∗5(.,/9∗),(1+0.11)0/)6()7(..∗1+01))13/,/+01+∗6()∗1,2.1
9//96>/613(:)11+741+0.14+291+(−/+/6(.9(7∗1.0(1)
=41195(.,/9∗),()∗1,2.13/21.,/+17∗6(?∗+749/6(/9/∗61/619(=411;2.1)/
9/ 91::1+ 1)1)1+0∗6()1 7(+)∗61./=41 1961.173( 2(.1;7191+7∗/ 1)19
2()∗0∗?∗),(6∗7(2(.1)(2/./(.81.0((88∗(!Λ/7(+7127∗≅+91−/9∗)0/619/
)1(8)1.?/1+)4 24.1Α/619/)∗−4∗1+01 ,/+1./!9/91: 2()∗0∗?/1)
2(.19)(9(3173(61)1.91:Ν.16477∗≅+619//9/?/9∗61Α1)1+.1/9∗6/6
8/)0/+01././!1),4:/,1+46(4+2/./6∗−,/2/./9()79/)∗5∗7/6(.1)6101(.>/):
4+89/+7(2/./9()/,/+01)619/2(9Γ,∗7/Μ%
3(./8∗1+ )∗192()∗0∗?∗),()17/./701.∗Α/ 2(.)47/.Ι701.5(.,/9∗)0/:)4
−1+4∗+(/21−(/901;0(619/91:7(,(7(+6∗7∗≅+619/
/7120/.=41/29∗7/6(1)0/5(.,/6121+)/./961.173(/9618∗6(2.(71)( ∗,29∗7/
∗−((6(95(4∗) %!!#∀#∃Γ;∗7((..ϑ/Τ
+∗?1.)∗6/6/+/,1.∗7/+/#22%Τ∃
(88∗( (.81.0( ! ! ∀∃ 0./6! .+1)0( /.Α≅+ /961Α
/6.∗6.(00/#%2&Π
?1. 1)0/ −/./+0>/ 61 4+/ ,/+1./ 1)0.∗70/,1+01 91−/9∗)0/ 2(. 0/+0( 9( ,Ι)
/6174/6( 1) 61)/..(99/. 61 9/ ,1/)
//901;0( 6∗7(Τ 7(+)0∗047∗(+/9610/95(.,/=41/9()(21./6(.1)
61961.173(91) )1/ 9( )45∗7∗1+01,1+01 −/./+0∗)0/ 9/ /29∗7/7∗≅+61961.173( 1+
5(.,/61 )∗9(−∗),(91−/9)∗+ 1,8/.−(7(,( :/9()1Φ/9/,()19 5(.,/9∗),(: 19
/+0∗5(.,/9∗),( )1 1+741+0./+ 1+ 4+618/0121.1+1619 74/9 +() 6/ 741+0/61
5(.,/,4:71.01./31(6(.∗13Χ1−!
/ /8)0∗+1+7∗/ 61 91−∗0∗,/7∗≅+ 619 2()∗0∗?∗),( 6∗7( 1) 241)
7(,2.1+)∗891: 3/71.151.1+7∗/ / 4+/ 2.(891,Ι0∗7/ ,4:/704/9 61 +41)0.(
0∗1,2((.199(3/:=41 2.1−4+0/. +41?/,1+01 =4Γ 1) 9( =41 .1/9,1+01 )1
2.1)42(+174/+6()1=4∗1.1 ,/+01+1. 9/ /70∗046 2()∗0∗?∗)0/ 1+∗+ 617∗6∗6(
/+0∗2()∗0∗?∗)0/.1)2(+6∗≅/9 .1)2170(!Λ9 /−+≅)0∗7(1)4+2()∗0∗?∗)0/24.(Μ :
/Φ/6∗≅9//6?1.01+7∗/!Λ.1)0/ /01+7∗≅+/9()2/.0∗6/.∗()619 +41?(2()∗0∗?∗),(Μ
47(+)0/0/7∗≅+1)2.(8/891,1+01 7(..170/∗)42(+−(=41197(+01;0(1+19
=41?∗?(1)1+ϑ90∗,/∗+)0/+7∗/ ∗+1)7.40/891 +( 2416( 1+ ,(6( /9−4+(
/01+1.,1/1)017(+01;0(+0(+71)1)(7∗()( 2(. /)> 617∗.9( 21+)/. 1+ 4+/
.1/9∗6/691+/Η1),Ι)8∗1+/7(+)1891 21.,/+171.1+9/.1/9∗6/6 2.≅;∗,/
1)617∗.7(,1+Α/.1+9()2()∗0∗?∗)0/)=41)1 1+741+0./+,473(,Ι)71.7/∃
/∗61/615∗+1+1961.173(1)617∗.61)40191(9(−>/1)7/6/?1Α,Ι)
/6,∗0∗6/2(.9/∗+5941+7∗/ 61+41?/)7(..∗1+01):1)7419/)6∗7/)Η1+ ?∗.04661
=41)13/∗6(/7120/+6(−./64/9,1+01=4121.)1−4∗.5∗+1)1+1961.173(1+9/91:
:1+9/
/7120/. 9() 5∗+1) ( 9/ 0191(9(−>/ 619 61.173( )∗−+∗5∗7/ =41 )1 .17(+(71 7(+
1,21Φ(=419/)7/4)/)619,4+6(619)1.+(24161+)1.7(+0./)0/6/)7(,(4+/
.1/9∗6/6/∗)9/6/619/+(.,/ =41)1/29∗7/.Ι2/./ .1)(9?1.9/)7(+0.(?1.)∗/) =41
)(+(879/.(=419/0191(9(−>/619618∗6(
2.(71)( +( )(9( /29∗7/ / Λ5∗+1) ( 54+7∗(+1)ΜΠ 619 2.(71)( )1 ,/+∗5∗1)0/
∗−4/9,1+01 1+ 19 ,Ι) 191?/6( )∗−+∗5∗7/6( ∆/+0∗/+( =41 1) 19 )1+0∗6( 61
∗13Χ1− 31(6(. & ∃ 0./6! (.−1 1Φ/ Ρ 16
/.719(+/16∗)/∋∋Π22∃Τ∃
Λ∗+01+7∗(+/9∗6/6Μ&619/0191(9(−>/Θ/+0/.−4,1+0/8/Λ=419/./Α≅+0∗1+1)42.(2∗(
4)(+/04./9:)161)/..(99/2/./74,29∗.)42.(2≅)∗0(ϑ+∗7(Μ∋9618∗6(2.(71)(:
)4 0191(9(−>/)17(..1)2(+61+/ 4+/90( −./6( 61017+∗5∗7/7∗≅+61 9()2.(71)()
2/./ /)1−4./.197(..170(61)1,21Φ( 619 2.(71)( :2(.
1+61=41)1.1)2101+9/)−/./+0>/)−/./+0>/
7(/6:4?/1+19/)1−4./,∗1+0(619)0/6(6161.173()01,(6(617(+718∗.19
618∗6(2.(71)(∗,29∗7/9/./7∗(+/9∗Α/7∗≅+610(6(192.(71)(
)124161+(8)1.?/.9()0.1)191,1+0()619/0191(9(−>/∆/+0∗/+/!5∗+1):2.(71)()
,16∗() /6174/6() 2/./ 991−/. / 1)() 5∗+1) : 19 01.71.( : ,Ι) 6∗)0∗+0(! 9/
∗+01+7∗(+/9∗6/6 / 0191(9(−>/ 619 618∗6( 2.(71)( +1(7(+)0∗047∗(+/9 2.(74./ 9/
−/./+0>/619/9∗81.0/69/∗−4/96/6:9/
5∋(3∗(∀%∀ ∀∃)&!%∗&()∗#%& ∗+∃
/ (,∗)∗≅+ +01./,1.∗7/+/ 61 1.173() 4,/+() 3/ /8(.6/6( 1)0/
2.(891,Ι0∗7/619/,∗−./7∗≅+:9()61.173()34,/+()611)0()1+9/21.)2170∗?/
61 9/) 6101+7∗(+1) =41 )45.1+ 7(+)0/+01,1+01 6101+7∗(+1) 2(. )4 )∗04/7∗≅+
∗..1−49/. 1+ )4 6(74,1+0/7∗≅+ ,∗−./0(.∗/ 9( =41 3/71 =41 )1 −1+1.1
7(+)0/+01,1+014+/)∗04/7∗≅+617.∗,∗+/9∗6/63/7∗/9/21.)(+/619,∗−./+019(=41
9(2(+1 1+ 4+/ )∗04/7∗≅+ ,4: ?49+1./8911+ 741)0∗≅+ 61 61.173( 5.1+01 /9()
+/7∗(+/91)# / 2.(891,Ι0∗7/ )1 6/ 74/+6( /9−4+/) +/7∗(+1)
(.,()//49 (96,/+ ?1.:/0.(+1 /0∗/+/ Λ+0.(6470∗(+Μ 1+ (.,()/ /49
(96,/+ ?1.: /0.(+1 /0∗/+/ 4! ! Η!+∗?1.)∗0: (5 Ψ/91)
.1))#/.6∗552
≅
≅
+ 9/ 1)(947∗≅+ #∀#& 1.173() 34,/+() 61 9() ,∗−./+01) 1)0Ι+6/.1)
∗+01.+/7∗(+/91) : 6∗.170∗?/ 14.(21/ )(8.1 .10(.+( 61 9/ (,∗)∗≅+ +01./,1.∗7/+/ 61
1.173() 4,/+()! Λ/) +(.,/) ∗+01.+/7∗(+/91) 1)0/89171+ =41 9/ 6101+7∗≅+ 6181
/29∗7/.)1 )(9( 61 ,/+1./ 1;7127∗(+/9 : 941−( 61 3/81. /+/9∗Α/6( 1+ 7/6/ 7/)( )4
+171)∗6/6+0(6() 9()7/)()9()1)0/6() 6181+1?∗0/.9/ 2.(9(+−/7∗≅+1;71)∗?/619/
6101+7∗≅+:6181+ /)1−4./.=41)1/9( ,Ι)8.1?12()∗891 (,(1)0/89171191.173(
+01.+/7∗(+/9 9() ,∗−./+01) +( 6181+ )1. .1794∗6() 1+ ∗+)0/9/7∗(+1) 7/.719/.∗/) 9
,/+01+1. /9() )(9∗7∗0/+01) 61 /)∗9( : / 9/)21.)(+/) 2.∗?/6/) 61 9∗81.0/6 / 7/)/61
∗+5./77∗≅+ 619/) 6∗)2()∗7∗(+1) )(8.1,∗−./7∗≅+ 1+0∗2(21+/9+( 1) 7(,2/0∗8917(+ 9/)
7.∗,∗+/9∗Α/7∗≅+619 ,∗−./+01241)9( 7(+)∗61./+4+/)4+0(61)1−4.∗6/6+/7∗(+/9
6(+6119,∗−./+011)=4∗1+2(+11+.∗1)−(9/ 1)0/8∗9∗6/61+)1−4.∗6/6+/7∗(+/9
+1)01)1+0∗6()17(+)∗61./=41)∗9(=41)184)7/1))/9?/−4/.6/./9/21.)(+/
619,∗−./+01 )10∗1+1 =412(+1. /01+7∗≅+1+6/.)/0∗)5/77∗≅+/9/)−/./+0>/)=41
)1Φ/9/ 19 /.0>749( Π 61 9/ (+?1+7∗≅+ ,1.∗7/+/ 61 1.173() 4,/+()
19/8(./+6(∗+)0.4,1+0()+(.,/0∗?()6(+61)12(+−//01+7∗≅+1+9/2.1)4+7∗≅+61
9∗81.0/6 7(+ 9/ =41 6181 7(+0/. 19 ,∗−./+01 1+ 0/+0( )1 61)1+?419?1 19
2.(716∗,∗1+0(,∗−./0(.∗(
+ 19 +5(.,1 61 9/ (,∗)∗≅+ +01./,1.∗7/+/ 61 1.173() 4,/+()
1.173() 34,/+() 61 9() ,∗−./+01) : (0./) 21.)(+/) 1+ 19 7(+01;0( 61 9/
,(?∗9∗6/634,/+/1+Γ;∗7(619/Φ( #9/(,∗)∗≅+3/1;241)0(/9−4+/)61
9/) )∗04/7∗(+1)=41 /−./?/+9/ )∗04/7∗≅+61 9(),∗−./+01) ∗..1−49/.1)1+ Γ;∗7(
4+/61199/)3/)∗6(9/7.∗,∗+/9∗Α/7∗≅+619/,∗−./7∗≅+∗..1−49/.!
−/./+0>/)8Ι)∗7/)61 9()61.173() 34,/+())+171)/.∗( =419() 2/>)1)2.(2(.7∗(+1+
2.(0177∗(+1) (−/./+0>/) 1)217∗/91) /9() ,∗−./+01)=41 )11+741+0./+ 1+ 7(+6∗7∗(+1)
2/.0∗749/.,1+01 ?49+1./891) 4/+6( )1 0(,/+ 617∗)∗(+1) .1)2170( / +∗Φ() :
/6(91)71+01)61817(+)∗61./.)11+2.∗,1.94−/.19∗+01.Γ))421.∗(.61199())∗,∗),(9/)
+(.,/)∗+01.+/7∗(+/91)1;∗−1+9//6(27∗≅+61,16∗6/)1)217∗/91)1+197/)(6121.)(+/)
=41 3/+ )∗6( )4
∗ +Ε7+∆ !∃ !Γ !
!!619/(,∗)∗≅++01./,1.∗7/+/ 61 1.173()4,/+()
.−/+∗Α/7∗≅+ 61 9() )0/6() ,1.∗7/+() (,∗)∗≅+ +01./,1.∗7/+/ 61 1.173()
4,/+()3002)!∀∀ΧΧΧ7∗63(/)(.−∀1)(947∗(+1)∀1)(947∗(+##&265
,+∗)0>/ +01.+/7∗(+/9 1+ 19 6(74,1+0(! / : 9() 61.173() 34,/+() 1+1. 1+
741+0/19∗,2/70(619/)2(9>0∗7/)1+9/)21.)(+/)3/616(2/01+01)42.1(742/7∗≅+2(.
9/7.∗,∗+/9∗Α/7∗≅+619/)21.)(+/),∗−./+01)!Λ61,Ι)619/40∗9∗Α/7∗≅+61)2.(2(.7∗(+/6/
61 9/ 6101+7∗≅+ 7(,( 31../,∗1+0/ 61 Λ−1)0∗≅+ 61 9/ ∗+,∗−./7∗≅+Μ 9/ 7.17∗1+01
7.∗,∗+/9∗Α/7∗≅+ 619() ,∗−./+01) ∗..1−49/.1)1) (0./ Ι.1/612.1(742/7∗≅+ 1+ 9/=41 )1
+171)∗0/=41 9//)4,/ )49∗61./Α−(9 11)197(+61,16∗6/)
)(8.1)1−4.∗6/6/2.(8/6/).17∗1+01,1+011+0/9∗/)1−ϑ+9/)74/91))17(+)∗61./=419/
2.1)1+7∗/∗..1−49/.614+/21.)(+/,∗−./+011+)401..∗0(.∗(7(+)0∗04:14+/7∗.74+)0/+7∗/
/−./?/+011+7/)(61=417(,10/4+619∗0(/7(+)1741+7∗/1)=419/21+/2(.4+619∗0(
24161 )1.,/:(.)∗ 9/ 21.)(+/ =41 9( 7(,101 1) 4+ ,∗−./+011+ )∗04/7∗≅+ ∗..1−49/.Μ
,+∗)0>/+01.+/7∗(+/9.&!!
!2
Σ9/)∗04/7∗≅+ 61 ?49+1./8∗9∗6/6 619() ,∗−./+01) )1 3/ /−./?/6( 7(,(
7(+)1741+7∗/ 61 =41 1+ 19 /8(.6/
2/.0∗749/.619/,∗−./7∗≅+ ∗..1−49/. 9/) 2(9>0∗7/) /6(20/6/) 2(. ,473())0/6()
3/+1)0/6(,Ι)1+5(7/6/)1+ 9/2.(0177∗≅+ 619/ )1−4.∗6/6+/7∗(+/9=41 1+9/
2.(0177∗≅+619()61.173()34,/+() 61 9/):9() ,∗−./+01) (/+01.∗(. )1 3/
?∗)0(.15916(/2/.0∗.619/ ∗,291,1+0/7∗≅+ 61 2(9>0∗7/) ,∗−./0(.∗/)
1+5(7/6/)1+9/7.∗,∗+/9∗Α/7∗≅+619/ ,∗−./7∗≅+ 74/9 7(+)∗)01 1+ 9/) 91:1) :
2(9>0∗7/)61)/..(99/6/)1+9/∗+01.)177∗≅+ 1+0.1 9/ 91−∗)9/7∗≅+ 21+/9 : 9/
91−∗)9/7∗≅+1+,/01.∗/,∗−./0(.∗/
+ 610/991617∗)∗?( )(8.19/) 6101+7∗(+1),∗−./0(.∗/) 9(/2(.0/ 1919/0(.
)217∗/9)(8.19()1.173()4,/+()619()∗−./+01)!Λ/1+0./6/ (1)0/+7∗/
∗..1−49/. +4+7/ 6181+ )1. 7(+)∗61./6/) 7(,( 619∗0()! 199/) +( )(+
7.>,1+1)1+7(+0./6121.)(+/)2.(2∗16/6(9/)1−4.∗6/6+/7∗(+/9Μ
+1)01)1+0∗6(194)(61,/+1.//40(,Ι0∗7/619/6101+7∗≅+,∗−./0(.∗/1)
7(+0./.∗( / 9() 61.173() 34,/+() 241) +( )1 1)0Ι )/9?/−4/.6/+6(
/6174/6/,1+011961.173( / 9/9∗81.0/621.)(+/9:/=419/ 6101+7∗≅+ 6181)1.
4+/,16∗6/1;7127∗(+/91)2(.1)(=41)1.1=4∗1.13/71.4+1)541.Α(2(.2/.01
619() )0/6() 6(+61 )1 )1Φ/91+ ,16∗6/) ∗+01.,16∗/) 1+0.1 19 61.173( 619
)0/6(/7(+0.(9/.9/,∗−./7∗≅+:19.1)210(/9/9∗81.0/621.)(+/97(+=416181+
7(+0/. 9() ,∗−./+01) ,Ι;∗,( )∗ )1 (8)1.?/ =41 ,473/) 61 9/ ) 6101+7∗(+1)
(,∗)∗≅+ +01./,1.∗7/+/ 61 1.173() 4,/+() +5(.,1 61 9/ (,∗)∗≅+
+01./,1.∗7/+/ 61 1.173() 4,/+() ! !
!6!−6#2
∗)2(+∗8911+!
3002!∀∀ΧΧΧ(/)(.−∀1)∀7∗63∀,∗−./+01)∀6(7)∀265∀+5(.,1∗−./+01)1;∗7(#265
)/,891/ 1+1./9619/) /7∗(+1)+∗6/)Τ (+)1 4,/+()
∗! Α −!∃ 9Ι%
#Ρ1)∗≅+61/8.∗961#2Ι..∗)2(+∗8911+!
3002!∀∀ΧΧΧ(373.(.−∀(74,1+0)∀(6∗1)∀(4+7∗9∀1−49/.1))∗(+∀1))∗(+#∀
#Υ1+265
,∗−./0(.∗/) )1 991?/+/7/8()∗+/01+61. / 9/) −/./+0>/)2.(71)/91)9( =41 9()
48∗7/1+4+/)∗04/7∗≅+2.17/.∗/6161.173()34,/+()
+ 19 7/)( 9 Β −# ! ! . 9/ (,∗)∗≅+
1)0/8917∗≅=41)161817(+)∗61./.61,/+1./∗+∗7∗/99/2.1)4+7∗≅+619∗81.0/61+
0/97/)(9/6101+7∗≅+,∗−./0(.∗/6181)1.9/1;7127∗≅+:)1)(9(1+7/)(61
=41)1/91−/9:)∗+/.8∗0./.∗16/6
(.(0./2/.019/(.01+01./,1.∗7/+/1+197/)(#4Γ/9
0./0/. 19 7/)( 61 9/ 6101+7∗≅+ ,∗−./0(.∗/ 1)0/89171 19 61.173( / 9/ 9∗81.0/6
21.)(+/9:1+0/97/)(0(6/?∗(9/7∗≅+/1)0161.173()161817(+)∗61./.615(.,/
1;7127∗(+/9
6% 0∀&∃∀%%∗4&(∀(∋&∋∗3%!&(∗∋#&∋)∃!
/ (,∗)∗≅+ )1 3/ 1+7/.−/6(61)()01+1.=41 0(6/ 6101+7∗≅+ ,∗−./0(.∗/ 6181
/01+1.)1/9/91−/9∗6/661,/+1./,4:79/./:7(+1;3/4)0∗?∗6/6/+(/01+7∗≅+/
1)01 7.∗01.∗(.1)490/−./?1 2/./ 9/21.)(+/ 619 ,∗−./+01/92(+1.)1 1+.∗1)−(9/
9∗81.0/621.)(+/99/?∗6/9/∗+01−.∗6/621.)(+/9:9/1)0/8∗9∗6/65/,∗9∗/.
)0/ −/./+0>/2.(71)/9 )11+741+0./ 7(+01,29/6/1+ 19/.0>749( Π619/
(+?1+7∗≅+ ,1.∗7/+/ : 1+ 19 ∃ 61 9/ (+?1+7∗≅+ +01.+/7∗(+/9 )(8.1 9/
.(0177∗≅+ 61 9() 1.173() 61 (6() 9() ./8/6(.1) ∗−./0(.∗() : )4)
/,∗9∗/.1)( =416∗)2(+1 9/(.01 +01./,1.∗7/+/1)=410(6/6101+7∗≅+/4+:
74/+6( 541)1 91−/9 )1 7(+)∗61././∗91−/9)∗19 61.173( ∗+01.+( )1 1+741+0./1+
7(+0./6∗77∗≅+ 7(+ 9() 2.∗+7∗2∗() 619 61.173( ∗+01.+/7∗(+/9 61 9() 61.173()
34,/+() 61,Ι) 19 )0/6( 6181 61,()0./. =41 9/ 6101+7∗≅+ ,∗−./0(.∗/
.1)2(+61 / 9() .1=4∗)∗0() 61! 21.)1−4∗. 4+ 5∗+ 4 (8
./Α(+/8∗9∗6/6+171)∗6/62.(2(.7∗(+/9∗6/6:%+(6∗)7.∗,∗+/7∗≅+1−ϑ+ 9/
7(,4+∗7/7∗≅+Ζ%∃#∀∋∋619(,∗0Γ611.173()4,/+()! ς0(6/617∗)∗≅+ 61
,/+01+1. 6101+∗6//4+/ 21.)(+/6181 )1. 1;/,∗+/6/21.∗≅6∗7/,1+01/ 5∗+61
1?/94/.9(),(0∗?()=41+74/9=4∗1.7/)(9/6101+7∗≅++(
61812.(9(+−/.)1,Ι) /99Ι61921.>(6(2/./19 =4119 )0/6( 2416//2(.0/.4+/
/6174/6/ (. 1 19 3173(61=413/:/3/8∗6(4+/ 1+0./6/
∗91−/9 0/9?1Α∗+6∗=419/ +171)∗6/661 .1/9∗Α/. 4+/∗+?1)0∗−/7∗≅+: 241613/81.
(0.()5/70(.1)2.∗?/0∗?()619∗+6∗?∗64( 7(,(9/2.(8/8∗9∗6/66154−/:9/5/90/ 61
7(9/8(./7∗≅+=41 6101+7∗≅+64./+01 4+21.>(6(6101.,∗+/6(∗+(
7(+74..1+1)()5/70(.1)241617(+)∗61./.)1/.8∗0./.∗/9/ 6101+7∗≅+∗+794)()∗ 9/
1+0./6/541∗91−/9ς
6% 0∀& ∀∃∀ %∋&%&2∀∃(∋&(!∃ ∗+∃
17(+5(.,∗6/6 7(+ 19 /.0>749( Π61 9/ (+?1+7∗≅+ ,1.∗7/+/ 61 1.173()
4,/+() 19 )0/6()11+741+0./1+9/(89∗−/7∗≅+ 61 ∗+5(.,/. /9 /5170/6( 9/)
7/4)/) : ./Α(+1) 619/6101+7∗≅++1)01)1+0∗6(9/(.01+01./,1.∗7/+/61
1.173() 34,/+() )1 3/ 1+7/.−/6( 61 1)0/89171. −/./+0>/) ,>+∗,/) 2/./
∗+5(.,/.:+(0∗5∗7/./9)()2173()((/74)/6(619/)./Α(+1)619/6101+7∗≅+!ΛΣ)1
6181+/+/9∗Α/.9()3173()8/:9/+(.,/0∗?∗6/67(+?1+7∗(+/9
241)0(=419/∗+5(.,/7∗≅+619(),(0∗?():./Α(+1)6181 6/.)174/+6(Γ)0/ )1
2.(6471 : 6/6( =41 19 61.173( 7(+01+∗6( 1+ /=4199/ +(.,/ ∗,29∗7/ 6()
(89∗−/7∗(+1)! / 9/ ∗+5(.,/7∗≅+ 1+ 5(.,/(./9(1)7.∗0/)(8.19/) ./Α(+1) 61 9/
6101+7∗≅+:89/+(0∗5∗7/7∗≅+2(.1)7.∗0(619()7/.−()Μ%
Ι)∗7/,1+011)4+/ −/./+0>/2.(71)/90/,8∗Γ+0∗1+1 1+0.1)4)541+01) 61
61.173(∗+01.+/7∗(+/919/.0>749(∋2Ι../5(619/70(+01.+/7∗(+/9611.173()
∗?∗91):(9>0∗7().19/0∗?(/961.173(619/21.)(+/6101+∗6/61)1.∗+5(.,/6/61
9/) 7/4)/) 61 )4 6101+7∗≅+Η 19 /.0>749( ∃ 2Ι../5( % 61 9/ (+?1+7∗≅+
+01.+/7∗(+/9 )(8.1 9/ 2.(0177∗≅+ 61 9() 61.173() 61 0(6() 9() 0./8/6(.1)
,∗−./0(.∗(): 61 )4) 5/,∗9∗/.1) =41 7(+01,29/ 19 61.173( 61 9() 0./8/6(.1)
,∗−./+01): 61)4)5/,∗9∗/.1)61)1.∗+5(.,/6()1+19,(,1+0(61)4 6101+7∗≅+
619() ,(0∗?() =41 7(+991?/.(+/ 199/ 9 ,∗),(/.0∗749/6( 6∗)2(+1 =41 )1/+
%8 ϑΚ+7Χ∋∋Ε∃ .8 %%4∗7%7ϑ∋77ϑΚ+7Χ∋∋Ε ΛΧ∋∋:Μ Ι.. Ν∋
∗)2(+∗8911+!3002!∀∀ΧΧΧ4,+164∀34,/+.0)∀3.7(,,∗0011∀)2/+∗)3∀%∃#∋∋30,9
%9!Α!
1+01./6()1+19∗6∗(,/61)47(,2.1+)∗≅+:=41)1/++(0∗5∗7/6()7(+2.(+0∗04661
9/) /74)/7∗(+1) =41 )1 3/:/+ 2.1)7.∗0( )0/ −/./+0>/ 2.(71)/9 ∗+?(947./ 19
61.173(/)1./)∗)0∗6(61∗+0Γ.2.1019/0∗049/.∗6/6611)0161.173(24161.17/1.:/
)1/)(8.1196101+∗6((/74)/6(7(,(9(1;29∗7//.7>/(7/∃
6% 0∀&∋ ∀∃!%∀∋.−(∗ ∗&∋(∋&(!∃ ∗+∃/∋&%&2∀∃&3∗∋∗(&((∋∋&2∀(
∋&(!∃ ∗+∃
/2.(21.)(+/9/(.01+01./,1.∗7/+/
611.173()4,/+())1Φ/9/9/+171)∗6/661=419/−/./+0>/6197(+0.(9
619/ 2.∗?/7∗≅+ 61 9/ 9∗81.0/6 7(+)∗61./ =41 2/./19 7/)( 61 9/) 6101+7∗(+1)
,∗−./0(.∗/)1)+171)/.∗(=41)1/21−41+/9()2.∗+7∗2∗()6197(+0.(99(
=41 )12.101+611)=41 9/.1?∗)∗≅+ )16Γ)∗+ 61,(./ :−/./+0∗Α/+6( 19
7(+01+∗6(619/91::619()61.173()6196101+∗6(
919/0(.)217∗/9)(8.19()61.173()34,/+()619(),∗−./+01) ./+[(∗)
.Γ21/4 3/∗+)∗)0∗6( 1+ =41 9/) −/./+0>/) 2.(71)/91) 7(,( 19 61.173( 61 9/
21.)(+/6101+∗6// )1.∗+5(.,/6/619/) 7/4)/)61)46101+7∗≅+Η1961.173(61
/)∗)01+7∗/ −./04∗0/Η1961.173( 61 ∗+0Γ.2.101Η19 61.173( 61/8(−/6(Η61.173( /
1;/,1+,Γ6∗7()(+−/./+0>/).191?/+01)1+2.∗,1./∗+)0/+7∗/:1+9//219/7∗≅+Π
91;0./+/4+∗+794)(1+)∗04/7∗≅+∗..1−49/.)191618104019/. )461.173(/9/
04019/ 15170∗?/:81+15∗7∗/.)1619/ −./04∗0/ 7(,( 3/+ )()01+∗6(
9/84Γ+/−/4∗Α:(../6(&
/.7>/(7//?∗1.Λ/2.(241)0/61617∗)∗≅+,/.7()(8.161.173()2.(71)/91)1+9()
2.(71)() 21+/91) / 9/ 94Α 619 7(+?1+∗( 14.(21( 61 61.173() 34,/+() 19 0./0/6(
7(+)0∗047∗(+/9 2/./4.(2/ : 9/) 0./6∗7∗(+1) 7(+)0∗047∗(+/91) 7(,4+1)Μ 1+./+−∴1+/
/+1−( (./9 Ν((.6 /! .
61;(?//99/6(9∗6##Π2∃
∗! ! ./+[(∗)
.Γ21/4∀∀#∀41?/(.∆/7∗(+1)+∗6/)#2∃
3002!∀∀ΧΧΧ(373.(.−∀(74,1+0)∀(6∗1)∀(4+7∗9∀1−49/.1))∗(+∀1))∗(+#∀
#Υ)2265
9/84Γ+/−/ 4∗Α 4∗Α ∗1:01Α (../6( ∗71+01 !
∃∗98/(+∗?1.)∗6/66114)0(∋∋%2Π#
919/0(.)217∗/9)(8.19()61.173()34,/+()619(),∗−./+01) ./+[(∗)
.Γ21/4 3/ 1+5/0∗Α/6( 1+ =41! Λ9/ 6101+7∗≅+ /6,∗+∗)0./0∗?/ 61 9(),∗−./+01) +(
61818/+∗+−4+/ 7∗.74+)0/+7∗/ )1. ∗+615∗+∗6/Μ∋.(2(+1 ,16∗6/) 7(,( 29/Α(
,Ι;∗,( 61.101+7∗≅+Η7/)() 61/.8∗0./.∗16/6 1+9/ 6101+7∗≅+1+ 19)4241)0(61
=41)(9∗7∗0/+01)61/)∗9(∗+,∗−./+01)(.154−∗/6()+(01+−/+/771)(/4+.174.)(
,Ι;∗,(19,∗−./+016181.Ι)1.241)0(
/40(,Ι0∗7/,1+011+9∗81.0/6+5/0∗Α/=4119,∗−./+0161811)0/.1+01./6(/4+)∗
61)7(+(7119∗6∗(,/ 61)461.173(/9 1;/,1+ 619/,16∗6/61 2.∗?/7∗≅+619/
9∗81.0/6Η%# 7(+6∗7∗(+1) 61 /29∗7/. 9/ 2.(0177∗≅+ 1+ ?∗.046 619 2.∗+7∗2∗( 61 +(
61?(947∗≅+7(+)/−./6(1+19/.0>749(619/(+?1+7∗≅+)(8.119)0/040(619()
37Α∗%7(+7(,∃!2Π
9 1;/,1+ 61 9/ ,16∗6/ 61 2.∗?/7∗≅+ 61 9/ 9∗81.0/6 )1 61)29∗1−/ 7(,( 4+/ −/./+0>/
2.(71)/92/./9/6101+7∗≅+1+19)4241)0(619(),∗−./+01)=41)(9∗7∗0/+/)∗9(1+8/)1/
9()7.∗01.∗() 614,/+∗−30)Ψ/073!Λ92.∗+7∗2∗( −1+1./91)0/89171 =419() )(9∗7∗0/+01)
61 /)∗9( +( 6181+ )1. 6101+∗6() () ,17/+∗),() 61 )421.?∗)∗≅+ /901.+/0∗?() / 9/
74)0(6∗/ 7(,( 2(. 1
21.∗≅6∗7/,1+016181+)1.1,291/6()7(,(2.∗,1./19177∗≅+/6101+7∗≅+)(9(6181)1.
40∗9∗Α/6/8/ 1;7127∗(+/91): 74/+6( 1)2.1)7.∗0/2(.9/ 91: +/7∗(+/91+
7(+5(.,∗6/6 7(+ 9() 7.∗01.∗() ∗+01.+/7∗(+/91) 61,Ι)9/6101+7∗≅+6181.1/9∗Α/.)161
5(.,/ ∗..1)0.∗70/ 8/
7∗.74+)0/+7∗/)21.)(+/91) 619)(9∗7∗0/+0161/)∗9(Μ4,/+∗−30)Ψ/073!
%5!!!∃
(9 Ν 1Χ (.∆ (++(2 & /1)(947∗≅+ ΝΠ% 19/0∗?/ /9()/)2170()
91−/91):/6,∗+∗)0./0∗?()619/ 619∗+741+7∗/1+0.19() 0./8/6(.1),∗−./+01)619 (+)1
61 4.(2//+019() 2.(891,/) 2.(2∗7∗/6() 2(. 9/ 1,∗−./7∗≅+ 61 9/)21.)(+/)61 )4)
2/>)1)61(.∗−1+ 2/./7(+)1−4∗.241)0()610./8/2/>)1):9()61)/5>() 619()
2/>)1)61/7(−∗6/.1/9∗Α≅4+/)1.∗161.17(,1+6/7∗(+1)2/./ 9())0/6(),∗1,8.()61
4.(2/7(+19 5∗+61+(61 0./8/6(.,∗−./+011+19)4241)0( 61)1. /74)/6(1+
61)?1+0/ 5. 1+01 / (0.() /74)/6() ( 7(+61+/6() 2(. 9( =41 /24+0/+6( / )4 6∗5>7∗9
7(+6∗7∗≅+61 0./8/6(.,∗−./+0161)−9()/4+/)1.∗161 ,16∗6/)∗,2(.0/+6( 2(.9(=41
7(+7∗1.+1/1)010./8/9/2.∗)∗≅+2.1?1+0∗?/1+197/)(614+0./8/6(.,∗−./+01
/74)/6(614+/∗+5./77∗≅+ϑ+∗7/,1+012(.9/2.1)4+7∗≅+61=41+()12.1)1+0/.Ι/9
: )∗+ 4+ 6101+∗6( 1;/,1+ 61 )4 )∗04/7∗≅+ 2/.0∗749/. 61 0./8/6(. ,∗−./+01Μ Λ/
1)(947∗≅+ΝΠ%Ν6(20/6/2(.19(,∗0Γ61∗+∗)0.() 19611+1.(61∋Π%64./+01
9/ .14+∗≅+ 61 9() 191−/6() 61 9() ∗+∗)0.() 19/0∗?/ / 9() /)2170() 91−/91):
/6,∗+∗)0./0∗?()619/619∗+741+7∗/1+0.19()0./8/6(.1),∗−./+01)Μ1+17(,1+6/7∗(+1)
: .1)(947∗(+1) 619 (,∗0Γ 61 ∗+∗)0.() 619 (+)16∗7/
∗+∗)01.∗(614)0∗7∗//6.∗6∋∋2&Π
154−∗/6() (0./ 61 9/) ,16∗6/) 7(+)∗)01 1+ 9/ /29∗7/7∗≅+ 619 2.∗+7∗2∗( 61
2.(2(.7∗(+/9∗6/6)∗+(1)0/+−∗8919/1;249)∗≅+%
6% 0∀&% −%%∗%.−(∗ ∗&∋)∃!∋&(!∃ ∗+∃
/(.01+01./,1.∗7/+/3/6∗73(=41=4∗1+6181617∗6∗.)(8.19/91−/9∗6/6
61 9/6101+7∗≅+1) 4+ ( 0.∗84+/99(=41 ∗,29∗7/ =41 0(6/ 2.∗?/7∗≅+619/
9∗81.0/66181)1.8//6174/6()7/4)1)3/6∗73(
=41 6181 )1. 4+
7(..170/,1+019/6101+7∗≅+1+)/9?/−4/.6/619()61.173()34,/+()
9 /.0>749( ∋ 2Ι../5( 619 /70( +01.+/7∗(+/9 61 1.173() ∗?∗91) :
(9>0∗7().17(+(7119 61.173( 612/./ =419/)21.)(+/)2.∗?/6/) 61 9∗81.0/61+
?∗.046616101+7∗≅+(2.∗)∗≅+.174../+/+014+0.∗84+/92/./)(9∗7∗0/.9/617∗)∗≅+61
9/91−/9∗6/6619/6101+7∗≅+919/0(.)217∗/9 )(8.19() 61.173()34,/+()61
9() ,∗−./+01) ./+[(∗) .Γ21/4 )48./:/ /9−4+() 1 61 ∗+)0.4,1+0()
.1−∗(+/91)=4104019/+1)161.173(/)/81.!1+19/.0>749(Π619//.0/5.∗7/+/61
1.173()4,/+():619()4189()19/.0>749(Π 61 9/(+?1+7∗≅+ ,1.∗7/+/
)(8.11.173()4,/+()19/.0>749(619//.0/Κ./81611.173()4,/+()
:19/.0>749(%2Ι../5(619(+?1+∗(4.(21(611.173()4,/+()%
6% 0∀&&∗!∃ ∗& ∀∃−∋&%
).191?/+01 61)0/7/.=41 9/(+?1+7∗≅+61∗1+/)(8.119/7∗(+1)(+)49/.1)
(89∗−//9())0/6()/2.1)0/./:46/:/)∗)01+7∗//9()+/7∗(+/91))1/+21.)(+/)
+/04./91) ( 6∗7/) /)> 7(,( 61 /)1−4./. 9() ∗+01.1)1) 61 9() +/7∗(+/91)
Ν21.)(+/) +/04./91) : 6∗7/) 1+ 9() 61 7(+5(.,∗6/6 7(+ 19 61.173(
∗+01.+/7∗(+/9%)01 ∗+)0.4,1+0( )42(+1 4+ ,/.7( 61 −/./+0>/) 2.(71)/91)
,>+∗,/)2/./9(),∗−./+01)=41)1.17(+(71+1+19 /.0>749(∃619(+?1+∗(1+
7(,1+0(=41+(.,/9/7(,4+∗7/7∗≅+619/)/40(.∗6/61)7(+)49/.1)619)0/6(61
37Α∗%7(+7(,!22Π&
≅
%∗%61/8.∗961∋∃%/1
(.∗−1+619,∗−./+01:/)11+741+0.1/..1)0/6(1+74/9=4∗1.5(.,/6101+∗6((1+
2.∗)∗≅+ 2.1?1+0∗?/ 1+ )4,/ 19 /.0>749( ∗+(749/ 19 7(+01+∗6( 8Ι)∗7( 619 61.173(
34,/+(/ 9/ /)∗)01+7∗/ 7(+)49/.: 61 4+61.173( 34,/+( 61 7(+01+∗6(,Ι)
1)217>5∗7(=417(+)∗)011+1961.173(619(),∗−./+01)1+)∗04/7∗≅+616101+7∗≅+/
9//)∗)01+7∗/7(+)49/.%
/(.013/616(,4:1+79/.(=4161/741.6(/9/(+?1+7∗≅+61∗1+/
:619/(+?1+7∗≅++01.+/7∗(+/9)(8.19/.(0177∗≅+619()1.173()61(6()9()
./8/6(.1)∗−./0(.∗():61)4) /,∗9∗/)19)4,∗−./+011+4+/)∗04/7∗≅+61
6101+7∗≅+0∗1+161.173(/=41)191∗+5(.,1/9/)/40(.∗6/61)7(+)49/.1)2/./=41
)1 1+741+0.1+ 1+01./6/) 61 9/ )∗04/7∗≅+ 619 ,∗−./+01 :/ =41 9/ /)∗)01+7∗/
9 /.0>749( ∃ )(8.1 9/ 7(,4+∗7/7∗≅+ 7(+ 9() +/7∗(+/91) 619 1)0/6( =41 1+?>/ 61 9/
(+?1+7∗≅+61∗1+/)(8.119/7∗(+1)(+)49/.1))10./+)7.∗81/7(+0∗+4/7∗≅+!Λ(+
195∗+615/7∗9∗0/.1919/)54+7∗(+1)7(+)49/.1).19/7∗(+/6/)7(+9()+/7∗(+/91)
619)0/6(=411+?>/!
/9() 54+7∗(+/.∗() 7(+)49/.1) 2(6.Ι+ 7(,4+∗7/.)1 9∗8.1,1+01 7(+ 9() +/7∗(+/91) 619
)0/6(=411+?>/ : ?∗)∗0/.9() () +/7∗(+/91) 619 )0/6( =41 1+?>/ 6181.Ι+ 01+1. 9/
,∗),/ 9∗81.0/6 61 7(,4+∗7/.)1 7(+ 9() 54+7∗(+/.∗() 7(+)49/.1) 61 1)1 )0/6( : 61
?∗)∗0/.9()Η
8)∗19∗+01.1)/6(9()(9∗7∗0/ 9/)/40(.∗6/61) 7(,2101+01) 619)0/6( .17120(. 6181.Ι+
∗+5(.,/.)∗+.10./)(/9−4+(/9/(5∗7∗+/7(+)49/.7(,2101+011+1)1)0/6(74/+6(1+)4
7∗.74+)7.∗27∗≅+ 4+ +/7∗(+/9 619 )0/6( =41 1+?>/ )1/ /..1)0/6( 61 74/9=4∗1. 5(.,/
6101+∗6( ( 241)0( 1+ 2.∗)∗≅+ 2.1?1+0∗?/ 4/9=4∗1. 7(,4+ ∗7/7∗≅+ 6∗.∗−∗6/ / 9/ (5∗7∗+/
7(+)49/. 2(. 9/ 21.)(+/ /..1)0/6/ 6101+∗6/ ( 241)0/ 1+ 2.∗)∗≅+ 2.1?1+0∗?/ 91 )1.Ι
/)∗,∗),(0./+),∗0∗6/)∗+ 61,(./2(. 6∗73/)/40(.∗6/61)9/) 74/91)3/8.Ι+ 61∗+5(.,/.
)∗+6∗9/7∗≅+/9/21.)(+/∗+01.1)/6//71.7/619()61.173()=41)191.17(+(71+1+1)01
/2/.0/6(Η
79()54+7∗(+/.∗()7(+)49/.1)01+6.Ι+ 61.173(/?∗)∗0/. /9+/7∗(+/9619)0/6(=411+?>/
=41)13/991 /..1)0/6(6101+∗6((1+2.∗)∗≅+2.1?1+0∗?//7(+?1.)/.7(+Γ9:/(.−/+∗Α/.
)46151+)//+019()0.∗84+/91))∗,∗),(01+6.Ι+61.173( /?∗)∗0/. / 0(6(+/7∗(+/9 619
)0/6( =41 1+?>/ =41 1+ )4 7∗.74+)7.∗27∗≅+)13/991/..1)0/6( 6101+∗6( ( 2.1)( 1+
74,29∗,∗1+0(614+/)1+01+7∗/ ∗+1,8/.−(9()54+7∗(+/.∗()7(+)49/.1))1/8)01+6.Ι+
61∗+01.?1+∗.1+5/?(.619+/7∗(+/96101+∗6(74/+6(Γ)01)1(2(+−/1;2.1)/,1+01/199(
/)2.1..(−/0∗?/) / 9/)=41 )1.15∗1.1192Ι../5( 611)01 /.0>749( )11
/..1−9(/9/)91:1):.1−9/,1+0()619)0/6(.17120(.618∗1+6(1+01+61.)1)∗+1,8/.−(
=41 6∗73/) 91:1) : .1−9/,1+0() +( ∗,216∗.Ι+ =41 01+−/+ 291+( 15170( 9() 61.173()
.17(+(7∗6() 2(. 1)01 /.0>749(Μ %∗ %∃
!∃/.0>749(∃
7(+)49/.?∗1+1 / )1. 4+ ,16∗(∗,2(.0/+01 2/./ 9/ 6151+)/ 619 ,∗−./+01 : 1+
(7/)∗(+1)1)0//)∗)01+7∗/1)617∗)∗?/1+19.1)210(619()61.173()619,∗−./+01
(.ϑ90∗,( 19,∗−./+01741+0/7(+1961.173(/4+/∗+61,+∗Α/7∗≅+2(.9()
6/Φ()∗+618∗6() =41 91 (7/)∗(+/.(+ /9,∗−./+01 4+/ ,1.,/ 61 )4)61.173()
34,/+() 61 /741.6( / 9/ (+?1+7∗≅+ +01.+/7∗(+/9 )(8.1 9/ .(0177∗≅+ 61 9()
1.173()61(6()9()./8/6(.1)∗−./0(.∗():61)4) /,∗9∗/)
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